In this research, aerial parts of Euphorbia denticulata Lam were collected from Sanandaj city in Kurdistan province at the West of Iran. It was extracted by maceration using acetone as solvent. Isolation of compounds were carried out with repeated column chromatography using silica gel and normal preparative HPLC using YMC-Pack-Sil column and hexane: ethyl acetate as mobile phase. The structure...

In this research, dried acetone:chloroform extract of aerial parts of E. denticulata as one of the endemic plants to Iran, afforded a number of triterpenes and steroids including: betulin, 24-methylene-cycloart-3-ol, cycloart-23Z-ene-3β,25-diol, cycloart-23E-ene-3β,25- diol, ergosta-8,24-dien-3-ol (obtusifoliol) and beta-sitosterol which were reported for the first time from this plant. The str...

In this research, aerial parts of Euphorbia denticulata Lam were collected from Sanandaj city in Kurdistan province at the West of Iran. It was extracted by maceration using acetone as solvent. Isolation of compounds were carried out with repeated column chromatography using silica gel and normal preparative HPLC using YMC-Pack-Sil column and hexane: ethyl acetate as mobile phase. The structure...

Euphorbia factor L2, a lathyrane diterpenoid isolated from caper euphorbia seed (the seeds of Euphorbia lathyris L.), has been traditionally applied to treat cancer. This article focuses on the cytotoxic activity of Euphorbia factor L2 against lung carcinoma A549 cells and the mechanism by which apoptosis is induced. We analyzed the cytotoxicity and related mechanism of Euphorbia factor L2 with...

The hemolysate from Geochelone denticulata contains two main hemoglobin components, as shown by ion exchange chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Electrophoresis under dissociating conditions showed three types of globin chains. The apparent molecular mass, as determined by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, was compatible with tetrameric Hb, which was unable to polymeri...

A decapod crustacean model is needed for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying physiological processes, such as reproduction, sex determination, molting and growth, immunity, regeneration, and response to stress. Criteria for selection are: life-history traits, adult size, availability and ease of culture, and genomics and genetic manipulation. Three freshwater species are considere...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of chlordane and lindane on reproduction obstacles and endocrine disruption in female green neon shrimp (Neocaridina denticulata). Individuals of N. denticulata, a common inhabitant of freshwater systems in Taiwan, was exposed to different levels of chlordane (1 and 10 ngl(-1)) and lindane (0.1 and 1 microgl(-1)). The reproductive ability...