We report an unusual cause of difficult tracheal extubation due to occlusion of the endotracheal tube (ETT) pilot balloon tubing by a bite block. A 73-year-old man recently underwent coronary artery bypass graft and mitral valve repair at our institution. Fourteen days after discharge, he presented to his local emergency room with epigastric pain, and a Stanford type A aortic dissection extendi...

BACKGROUND Exercise electrocardiography (ETT) is frequently used in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) improves diagnostic stratification. There are no randomized trials comparing ETT and MPI. We hypothesized that first-line MPI would be effective and cost-saving versus ETT. METHODS AND R...

BACKGROUND To study the factors which predetermine the coronary artery disease in patients having positive Exercise Tolerance Test (ETT) after comparing the ETT test results and coronary angiographic findings in true positive and false positive groups. METHODS This Cross-sectional study was conducted at Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2004. All pati...

Methods Design: Cost-effectiveness analysis using a decision analytic model to compare eight strategies for the diagnosis of CHD. Outcomes are expressed in terms of qualityadjusted life-years (QALYs) and costs are assessed from the perspective of the UK National Health Service (NHS). Population: Patients referred to cardiologists for the further evaluation of symptoms thought to be angina pecto...

BACKGROUND Adhesive tape is commonly used to secure the endotracheal tube (ETT) in anesthesia and intensive-care settings. OBJECTIVE To determine the force required to extubate when the ETT is secured with adhesive tape or commercially available ETT holders. METHODS We orally intubated a simulation manikin with a standard 8.0-mm inner-diameter ETT, inflated the cuff to 20 cm H(2)O, and mea...

OBJECTIVES Tracheal mucosal perfusion is compromised at an endotracheal tube (ETT) cuff pressure of 30 cm H(2)O, and blood flow is obstructed at a pressure of 50 cm H(2)O. METHODS We measured the change in pressure of air-filled cuffs of 6.0 and 7.5 ETTs and a size 4 laryngeal mask airway (LMA) from sea level to 2400 m. The ETTs and LMA cuff measurements were done with the devices uncontained...

BACKGROUND Current American Association for Respiratory Care (AARC) clinical practice guidelines recommend a suction catheter to endotracheal tube ratio (SC/ETT) based on the external diameter of the SC and the internal diameter of the ETT. An SC/ETT ratio of < 50% is consistent with the current recommendation. We theorized that a more satisfactory assessment of SC/ETT ratio could be accomplish...

Objectives. To examine current opinions and practices regarding endotracheal tube placement across several Canadian Neonatal Intensive Care Units. Design. Clinical directors from Canadian Neonatal Network affiliated NICUs and Neonatal-Perinatal Programs across Canada were invited via email to participate in and disseminate the online survey to staff neonatologists, neonatal fellows, respiratory...

ettin (ett) mutations have pleiotropic effects on Arabidopsis flower development, causing increases in perianth organ number, decreases in stamen number and anther formation, and apical-basal patterning defects in the gynoecium. The ETTIN gene was cloned and encodes a protein with homology to DNA binding proteins which bind to auxin response elements. ETT transcript is expressed throughout stag...