The oxidation induced reactions of the common lithium battery electrolyte solvent ethylene carbonate (EC) have been investigated for EC(2) using density functional theory and for selected reaction paths using Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP4). The importance of explicitly treating at least one solvent molecule interacting with EC during oxidation (removal of an electron) on the EC oxidat...

2.1. Solvents 4307 2.1.1. Propylene Carbonate (PC) 4308 2.1.2. Ethers 4308 2.1.3. Ethylene Carbonate (EC) 4309 2.1.4. Linear Dialkyl Carbonates 4310 2.2. Lithium Salts 4310 2.2.1. Lithium Perchlorate (LiClO4) 4311 2.2.2. Lithium Hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF6) 4312 2.2.3. Lithium Tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4) 4312 2.2.4. Lithium Trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiTf) 4312 2.2.5. Lithium Bis(trifluoromethanes...

0.3 per million. The consequences of runaway reactions have so far focused mainly on the risks of fire, burns and the release of hydrogen fluoride. The compound 2-fluoroethanol is highly toxic (the 50%-lethal dose, LD50, in mice is 0.1 mg kg) and is readily formed by nucleophilic attack of fluoride ion on ethylene carbonate. Although no example of electrophilic fluorination using coordination a...

The influence of organic additives, β-cyclodextrin, HEDTA, L-aspartic acid and L-glutamic acid on crystal growth of calcium carbonate via vapour diffusion method has been investigated. In the absence of additive, regular rhombohedral calcium carbonate crystal habit resulted. Whereas in presence of additive, calcite with truncated, aggregated rhombohedral sub crystals and elongated hexagonal mor...

Heterogeneous selective hydrogenation of ethylene carbonate (EC), a key step in indirect conversion of CO2, was realized over a copper chromite nanocatalyst prepared via a hydrothermal method followed by calcination. The selectivities towards methanol (60%) and ethylene glycol (93%) were higher than those achieved over other usual hydrogenation catalysts.

In this work, we determined thermophysical properties such as electrical conductivity and refractive index for 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, [PrMIm]Br in ternary mixtures of [PrMIm]Br + ethylene carbonate + water at T = (298.2, 308.2 and 318.2) K and 0.1MPa. Conductometric measurements were carried out for [PrMIm]Br ionic liquid in ethylene carbonate + water solvent mixture in various c...

Continuous fixed-bed catalytic hydrogenation of ethylene carbonate (EC) to methanol and ethylene glycol (EG), an emerging synthetic process of methanol via indirect conversion of CO2, was successfully performed over Cu/HMS catalysts prepared by the ammonia evaporation (AE) method. The catalysts possessed superb performance with a conversion of 100% and a selectivity to methanol of 74%.

Results of experimental and theoretical studies of dipole-bound negative ions of the highly polar molecules ethylene carbonate (EC, C3H4O3, mu=5.35 D) and vinylene carbonate (VC, C3H2O3, mu=4.55 D) are presented. These negative ions are prepared in Rydberg electron transfer (RET) reactions in which rubidium (Rb) atoms, excited to ns or nd Rydberg states, collide with EC or VC molecules to produ...

Calcium carbonate (vaterite) nanoparticles of 20-60 nm size were obtained without stabilizing tensides by heating a dispersion of calcium bicarbonate (CaHCO(3)) in ethylene glycol for 30 minutes at 40 to 100 °C.

At T≥ 140 °C, different primary aromatic amines (pX-C(6)H(4)NH(2); X = H, OCH(3), CH(3), Cl) react with both ethylene- and propylene-carbonates to yield a chemoselective N-alkylation process: bis-N-(2-hydroxyalkyl)anilines [pX-C(6)H(4)N(CH(2)CH(R)OH)(2); R = H, CH(3)] are the major products and the competitive formation of carbamates is substantially ruled out. At 140 °C, under solventless cond...