Introduction: 17β-estradiol modulates nociception by binding to estrogenic receptors and also by allosteric interaction with other membrane-bound receptors like glutamate and GABAA receptors. Beside its autonomic functions, paragigantocellularis lateralis (LPGi) nucleus is also involved in pain modulation. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of the intracellular estrogen...

The increasing amounts of various estrogenic chemicals coexisting in the aquatic environment may pose environmental risks. While the concept of estradiol equivalent (EEQ) has been frequently applied in studying estrogenic mixtures, few experiments have been done to prove its reliability. In this study, the reliability of EEQ and the related model concentration addition (CA) was verified based o...

Many substances are active in in vitro tests for estrogenic activity, but data from multigenerational and other toxicity studies are not available for many of those substances. Controversy has arisen, therefore, concerning the likelihood of adverse health effects. Based on a toxic equivalence factor risk assessment approach, some researchers have concluded that exposure to environmental estroge...

Red clover, known for its estrogenic activity due to its isoflavones content (biochanin A, genistein, daidzein and formononetin), was inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae. Once the symbiotic fungus was well established, plants were harvested and we determined the root and shoot dry weight as well as the P-content. In roots and leaves the levels of biochanin A, genist...

background: the organochlorine ddt has estrogenic activity but the mechanism underlying the estrogenic activity of this pesticide remains unclear. in the present investigation here, we studied the transcriptional effects of a synthetic organochlorine pesticide o,p’-ddt [1.1.1.-trichloro-2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-p-chloriphenyl ethane] and its metabolite p,p'-dde (2-2-bis(4/chlorophenyl)-1-1-dic...

A large number of phthalate esters were screened for estrogenic activity using a recombinant yeast screen. a selection of these was also tested for mitogenic effect on estrogen-responsive human breast cancer cells. A small number of the commercially available phthalates tested showed extremely weak estrogenic activity. The relative potencies of these descended in the order butyl benzyl phthalat...

Polychlorobiphenyls (PCB’s) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) are persistent organic pollutants in the Great Lakes and other aquatic ecosystems. Currently in North America, human exposure to these compounds occurs primarily through the ingestion of contaminated fish, meat and dairy products. Many of these compounds have interacted with the estrogen receptor, but the interactions are com...

A well-organized monolayer of alkylated perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic-3,4,9,10-diimide (PTCDI) has been formed onto CVD graphene transferred on a transparent substrate. Its structure has been probed by scanning tunnelling microscopy and its optical properties by polarized transmission spectroscopy at varying incidence. The results show that the transition dipoles of adsorbed PTCDI are all o...

Because of rampant concern that estrogenic chemicals in the environment may be adversely affecting the health of humans and wildlife, reliable methods for detecting and characterizing estrogenic chemicals are needed. It is important that general agreement be reached on which tests to use and that these tests then be applied to the testing of both man-made and naturally occurring chemicals. As a...