introduction: breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide and her-2 is one importantly prognostic factor in this cancer. tumor markers use as a criterion for predicting recurrence, but in breast cancer physical examination and mammography are important factors that are recommended for following up the recurrence. the aim of this study was to assess the correlation between breast ...

background:estrogens play a substantial role in the proliferation, progression and treatment of breast cancer by binding with two estrogen receptors, alpha and beta (erα and erβ). resistance to endocrine therapy is a major problem in the treatment of breast cancers and, in some cases, may be related to loss of er gene expression. we have already showed that erα methylation occurs in high freque...

objective: estrogen receptor alpha protein status is determined by routine immunohistochemistry analysis in all malignant breast tumors. this assay has its limitations. rna based techniques are potential complements for immunohistochemistry but it must be noticed that gene silencing may occur at different levels from rna to protein. the aim of this study was the comparison of the results from t...

a fibroadenoma was diagnosed in the mammary gland of a lamb by immunohistochemical method andmeasurement of oestradiol hormone. the tumor was characterized by an encapsulated firm mass with acreamy-white cut surface. histologically, it consisted of variably-sized sinus ducts, covered by a single ormultiple layers of proliferated epithelial cells, and embedded in a loose connective tissue. immun...

Objective(s): Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of death and disability in modern societies. The role of steroids and melatonin is recognized as a neuroprotective factor in traumatic injuries. This study examined the role of melatonin receptors in the neuroprotective effects of estrogen. Materials and Methods: Seventy female ovariectomized Wistar rats were divided in...

introduction: lower level of estrogen hormone is considered as an important factor for loss of learning and memory in postmenopausal women. although estrogen replacement therapy is used for compensation, but long-term usage of estrogen is associated with a higher risk of hormonedependent cancers. phytoestrogens, due to fewer side effects, have been proposed to prevent menopause-related cognitiv...

The mammalian testis is a complex organ that serves two important functions, synthesis of steroids, with significant amount of estrogenic hormones produced and production of spermatozoa. Estrogen receptors (ERs) are expressed in cells of the testis as well as the epididymal epithelium. We have demonstrated that estrogen receptor expression is higher in reproductive tissues as compared to non-re...

male breast cancer is a rare disease with an increasing trend. due to limited information especially about the genetic basis of the disease in iran and the lower age of its onset, the disease requires more attention. the aim of this study was to screen the male patients with breast cancer for brca mutations as well as tissue markers of estrogen receptor (er), progesterone receptor (pr), human e...