The paper aims to illustrate, especially through the results of recent archaeological studies, articulation and forms centres public power between Gothic Carolingian periods, in dialectic city as a seat institutions their protagonists, countryside, which contains production controls resources. We will consider Italian territory, with focus on Tuscany, propose some comparisons rest Europe. An ar...

I will observe to you that wonderful improvements are making here in various lines. In architecture the wall ofcircumvallation round Paris and the palaces by which we are to be let in and out are nearly compleated [sic], 4 hospitals are to be built instead ofthe old Hotel-Dieu, one of the old bridges has all it's [sic] houses demolished and a second nearly so, a new bridge is begun at the Place...