A fundamental problem associated with using the conventional electrocardiograph (ECG) to monitor a subject's cardiac activity during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the distortion of the ECG due to electromagnetic interference. This problem is particularly pronounced in MR microscopy (MRI of small animals at microscopic resolutions (< 0.03 mm(3))) because the strong, rapidly-switching magne...

Background Intraoperative hypothermia is common in patients undergoing general anesthesia during arthroscopic hip surgery. In the present study, we assessed the effect of heating and humidifying the airway with a heated wire humidification circuit (HHC) to attenuate the decrease of core temperature and prevent hypothermia in patients undergoing arthroscopic hip surgery under general anesthesia....

In pediatric anesthesia, four essential patient monitors are used for virtually every case (unless unusual circumstances preclude their use). They include pulse oximetry, capnography, electrocardiography (ECG), and blood pressure measurement. These monitors are components of the Basic Monitoring Standards of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (www.asahq.org/ PublicationsAndServices/stand...

Corresponding author: Sung-Hoon Kim, M.D., Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1, Pungnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea. Tel: 82-2-3010-3868, Fax: 82-2-3010-6790, E-mail: [email protected] This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ...

BACKGROUND The basic requirements for monitoring anesthetized patients during surgery are assessing cardiac and respiratory function. Esophageal stethoscopes have been developed for this purpose, but these devices may not provide clear heart and lung sound due to existence of various noises in operating rooms. In addition, the stethoscope is not applicable for continues monitoring, and it is un...

T HERE are no reliable acoustical data to aid physicians in their selection or use of a stethoscope. Yet, the sole medical utility of any stethoscope is derived from its acoustical performance. It is the purpose of this paper to provide clinicians with objective acoustical performance data on intact and current stethoscopes. Frederick and Dodge' first recognized that the stethoscope was deservi...