An equivalent circuit model for predicting the frequency response of a square ring slot frequency selective surface (SRS-FSS) for normal incidence is described. The proposed FSS consists of an array of square patches centered within a wire grid. The presented circuit model is formed by the impedance of the wire grid that is parallel with the impedance of the patch array, also the mutual couplin...

The impedance of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries contains information about the dynamics and state parameters battery. This can be utilized to improve performance safety battery application. is typically modeled by an equivalent-circuit-model (ECM), which provides dynamic In addition, variations in model used for estimation. A fitting algorithm required parametrize ECM due nonlinearity both ECM....

The most employed technique to mimic the behavior of lithium-ion cells monitor and control them is equivalent circuit model (ECM). This modeling tool should be precise enough ensure system’s reliability. Two significant parameters that affect accuracy ECM are applied current rate operating temperature. Without a thorough understating influence these on ECM, parameter estimation carried out manu...

Thermal management is the most vital element of electric vehicles (EV) to control maximum temperature module/pack for safety reasons. This paper presents a novel passive thermal system (TMS) composed heat sink (HS) and phase change materials (PCM) lithium-ion capacitor (LiC) technology under premise that cell cycled with continuous 150 A fast charge/discharge current rate. The experiments are v...

The state of health (SOH) is critical to the efficient and reliable use lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Recently, SOH estimation method based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been proven effective. In response different practical applications, two models for are proposed in this paper. Aiming at equivalent circuit model (ECM) method, a variety ECMs proposed. Used EIS predict EC...

Conventional experimental methods for testing the performance of super-capacitors include measurement capacitance through charge and discharge, equivalent series resistance (ESR) self-discharge circuit model (ECM) by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). However, are not suitable mass production line supercapacitors since they require a long time test several kinds different instrument....

Battery packs containing multiple cells in series require a balancing system in order to ensure energy and power requirements for the battery pack are maintained throughout its life. Based on the equivalent circuit model (ECM) of a cell, a new framework is proposed which can accommodate a controloriented model of a balancing system while maintaining the same measured input and output as an ECM....

Equivalent circuit models (ECMs) are widely used in battery management systems in electric vehicles and other battery energy storage systems. The battery dynamics and the model parameters vary under different working conditions, such as different temperature and state of charge (SOC) levels, and therefore online parameter identification can improve the modelling accuracy. This paper presents a ...