In this work we study the critical behavior of a three-state (+1, −1, 0) opinion model with independence. Each agent has a probability q to act as independent, i.e., he/she can choose his/her opinion independently of the opinions of the other agents. On the other hand, with the complementary probability 1 − q the agent interacts with a randomly chosen individual through a kinetic exchange. Our ...

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM is composed of a conducting part and a respiratory part. The conducting airways, i.e., the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles, differ in architecture. Both trachea and bronchi are surrounded by rings of hyaline cartilage for support, whereas the bronchiolar wall does not contain any cartilage and therefore tends to collapse in response to changes in intrapleural or airway ...