High temperatures caused by partial discharge results in the decomposition of insulating epoxy resins in electrical equipment. In this paper, the ReaxFF force field is used to investigate the decomposition process of epoxy resins cured by anhydride and the formation mechanisms of small-molecule gases. Results show that the initiation reaction is the cleavage of an ester bond linked with an epox...

1. Methyl retinoate has been converted into methyl 5,6-monoepoxyretinoate by reaction with monoperphthalic acid. The epoxy acid ester on alkaline hydrolysis gave 5,6-monoepoxyretinoic acid. 2. Treatment of the 5,6-monoepoxy compounds with ethanolic hydrochloric acid gave the corresponding 5,8-epoxy (furanoid) compounds. 3. With lithium aluminium hydride, the acid and the ester groups were selec...

Wood-plastic composites (WPC) have been developed into new and important wood-based composites because of their benefits for the environment, economy, and recyclability. When combined with structural adhesives, WPCs will have a greatly broadened application in the construction field. In this work, epoxy resin and acrylic ester were used to bond WPC adhesive joints. The shear strength of the adh...

A method to determine the absolute configuration of 2,3-epoxy-2-methylbutanoate ester residues in natural products is presented, based on (i) the reduction of the ester function to yield a 2-methyl-1,2-butanediol, (ii) esterification of the obtained primary alcohol with either (R)-(+)- or (S)-(-)-Mosher's acid to afford the corresponding Mosher's ester, and (iii) 1H-NMR spectral comparison of t...

Safety evaluation of certain food additives : seventy-first meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities,...

A stereoselective practical synthetic route to indolmycin is described. The route is composed of the regioselective coupling of indolyl magnesium halide with a trans-epoxy ester, diastereoselective oxazolone ring formation with guanidine and amine exchange reaction with methylamine. In the coupling step, use of dichloromethane as co-solvent and conversion of the resulting hydroxy ester to the h...

Unsaturated polyester and epoxy vinyl ester resins have broad utility in composite applications. Today’s commercially available premium thermal performance vinyl ester resins are derived from novolac epoxies and methacrylic acid. These products combine low viscosity with shelf stable, yet fast curing properties, and enable fabricators to manufacture composite parts with rapid throughput for dem...