Introduction: A precise knowledge of bulk chemical compositions of chondrules is not only essential for understanding the relationship between chondrules and matrix [e.g. 1], but also for constraining the chondrule forming mechanism [2]. Despite the given importance, relatively few data sets for chondrule bulk chemical compositions are available in the literature, especially for the most primit...

An electron microprobe is an electron microscope designed for the non-destructive x-ray microanalysis and imaging of solid materials. It is essentially a hybrid instrument combining the capabilities of both the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an x-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), with the added features of fine-spot focusing (~ 1 micrometer), optical microscope imaging, and precision...

Natural peridotite samples containing olivine, orthopyroxene, and spinel can be used to assess the oxygen fugacity ( fO2) of the upper mantle. The calculation requires accurate and precise quantification of spinel Fe3+/SFe ratios. Wood and Virgo (1989) presented a correction procedure for electron microprobe (EPMA) measurements of spinel Fe3+/SFe ratios that relies on a reported correlation bet...

Traditionally Electron Probe Micro Analysis (EPMA) has relied upon precise characterization of the continuum intensities adjacent to the emission line of interest using Wavelength Dispersive Spectrometry (WDS) for determination of the background under the peak. Recent improvements including new hardware designs with large area Bragg crystals, new software methods implementing exponential and po...

Dye sensitized solar cells (DSCs) have received considerable attention once this technology offers economic and environmental advantages over conventional photovoltaic (PV) devices. The PV performance of a DSC relies on the characteristics of its photoanode, which typically consists of a nanocrystalline porous TiO2 film, enabled with a large adsorptive surface area. Dye molecules that capture p...

In this work, quantitative energy-dispersive electron probe X-ray microanalysis (ED-EPMA) (called low-Z particle EPMA), Raman microspectrometry (RMS), and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (ATR-FTIR) imaging were applied in combination for the analysis of the same individual airborne particles for the first time. After examining individual particles of microm...

This paper illustrates nascent entrepreneurs’ decision-making process during the COVID-19 pandemic and sheds light on determinants mechanisms of entrepreneurial action. It examines mediating role opportunity confidence in relation between individual orientation propensity for market analysis (EPMA). Furthermore, it investigates moderating entrepreneurship entry mode (opportunity vs. necessity) ...

Over the last decades, determination of ages in monazite using Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA) has progressed to the point that it is now considered as a routine procedure within several laboratories worldwide [1,2]. Nevertheless, the typical age errors of individual electron probe spots reported in the literature are an order of magnitude larger than attainable by Secondary Ion Mass Spectr...