Using systems for long-term maintenance of Antarctic krill Euphausja superba in aquana , positive growth was measured in a large number of specimens under controlled conditions. The first moult always showed the greatest growth increment. The high laboratory growth rates agreed with previous field investigations. Often-reported 'abnormal' slow and predominantly negative growth was probably due ...

BACKGROUND Temperatures below the freezing point of water and the ensuing ice crystal formation pose serious challenges to cell structure and function. Consequently, species living in seasonally cold environments have evolved a multitude of strategies to reorganize their cellular architecture and metabolism, and the underlying mechanisms are crucial to our understanding of life. In multicellula...

must endure cold and severely desiccating conditions, but most studies of adaptations for winter survival have focused primarily on survival at low temperature, with little consideration of water conservation. However, several authors have emphasized that certain adaptations affect not only coldhardiness but also resistance to water loss (Ring and Danks, 1994; Block, 1996; Danks, 2000), suggest...