In this paper, we describe how traditional systems engineering processes, such as those delineated in the ANSI//EIA 632 standard, are becoming inadequate for today’s complex systems, in which there is a rich set of interconnections and interrelationships between all of the systems in an enterprise. We further suggest that a new discipline (or an extension of the old discipline) is developing in...

An empirical software engineering (ESE) PhD thesis has some special features, which makes it slightly different from a thesis any other different field. One of the differences between the two is the intensive use of empirical studies in an ESE dissertation. This talk starts by giving students advice on what makes a good ESE PhD thesis in the form of a list of do’s and don’ts. The keynote later ...

Currently, embedded software have been required more and more by a diversity of new products. As a consequence, an increase in the software complexity can be observed, requiring more attention to the software quality. Initiatives of exploring software engineering knowledge to develop this type of software can be identified, resulting in the Embedded Software Engineering (ESE) research area. How...

administrative review, and it has been approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. ii FOREWORD The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is charged by Congress with protecting the Nation's land, air, and water resources. Under a mandate of national environmental laws, the Agency strives to f...

While there is little empirical evidence to demonstrate which types of environmental management systems (EMSs) are associated with greater environmental improvements, governments worldwide are encouraging facilities to adopt them. Th is research compares the environmental performance of facilities that adopt ISO 14001–certifi ed EMSs, complete (noncertifi ed) EMSs, and incomplete EMSs across mu...

Sleep is a necessary part of human life. In today’s world, the amount of time we spend sleeping can be regularly lower than the National Institutes of Health recommendation of 7 – 8 hours. Studies have shown that waking up during Rapid Eye Movement (REM) or Stage 1 sleep results in low sleep inertia. Sleep inertia is a state of lowered arousal that occurs upon waking from sleep and results in t...