today, economic and environmental performance are tightly closed to each other. the natural environment plays an important role in supporting economic activity; directly, by providing resources and raw materials such as water, timber and minerals that are required as inputs for the production of goods and services; and indirectly, through services provided by ecosystems including carbon seques...

In an earlier edition of this journal (Vol 50, 3), the author suggested that in order to enhance their funding and support from taxpayers and elected officials, parks needed to be repositioned from being perceived as discretionary services to being perceived as alleviating problems which are of central concern to society. That paper argued that parks were central to environmental sustainability...

The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) is one test used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to determine if a waste material is hazardous; the TCLP test is widely used by the environmental testing community. The elements of concern for toxicity are arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, selenium, and silver. As an environmental forensic laboratory, the N...

The present research tried to study a scientific step toward explaining orders of supreme leader Ayatollah Khamenei about the importance of citizens’ support of national products. The main goal of this research was to study the effective social factors in citizens’ support of national products. Statistical population was 400 persons of Kerman’s people aged more than 15 years old. The theoretica...

Architecture and design intent are critical elements in the development and evolution of software systems. They are critical in two ways. First, there must be a shared understanding of them to adequately and effectively build and evolve our systems. Second, this shared understanding is needed to coordinate the various developers and teams of developers, especially in evolving our systems. The l...

In a pervasive system it is essential to understand the intent of the user in order to predict his/her future behaviour. This in turn will help to minimise the user’s administrative overheads and assist the user to achieve his/her goals. The aim of this paper is to present some aspects of how user intent may be handled. It focuses on the architecture supporting the proactive features of the Per...

Long-term research and environmental monitoring are essential for the improved management of ecosystems and natural resources. However, to reuse this data for new experiments, decision-making processes, and integrate these data with other long-term initiatives, scientists need more information related to data creation and its evolution, intellectual property rights, and technical information in...