Molecular communication is a promising technology that uses biomolecules such as proteins and ions to establish link between nanoscale devices. In diffusive molecular communication, which diffusion characteristics of transfer molecules, the mechanism mathematically derived Channel Impulse Response (CIR) design an optimal detector structure. However, ideal environment assumed for deriving CIR. H...

In recent years, energy efficiency has expanded in the U.S. and is under increased scrutiny as a viable, cost-effective resource. National policy, more aggressive state environmental and energy policies, and increases in the number of states engaged in energy efficiency contribute to these trends. One consequence is that various evaluation protocols are now being developed throughout the U.S. t...

Abstract communications systems theory may be a valuable tool for the description, prediction and control of organizations. An organization is conceptualized as an abstract system of inter-human communications; humans are the main organization 'communication units' which produce and receive communications (but humans are not part of the abstract system). Organization systems tend to grow in com...

Successful nature conservation requires engagement of diverse groups stakeholders. Attracting attention general public and local communities that underpin sustainable development are between the most important aspects effective communications by environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs). In modern world digital tools provide unprecedented opportunities for broadening reach ENGO commu...

Low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) are extending beyond the conventional terrestrial domain. Coastal zones, rivers, and wetlands, among others, nowadays common deployment settings for Internet-of-Things nodes where communication technologies such as Long Range (LoRa) becoming popular. In this article, we investigate large-scale fading dynamics of LoRa line-of-sight (LoS) links deployed over ...