Can grammatical gender influence how people conceptualize the referents of nouns? Using an implicit measure, we investigated whether such an effect could be found in a task where neither grammatical nor biological gender is highlighted. In the current study, conducted in English, speakers of French, German and Romanian with knowledge of English were asked to generate adjectives they associate w...

Previous research has shown that speakers of gendered languages think about and categorize nouns in accordance with the noun’s grammatical gender. Past studies have often used languages that do not mark grammatical gender as “genderless” control languages. We examine whether this characterization of non-gendered languages is in fact correct, by examining whether native speakers attribute gender...

Tourism English belongs to the English for Specific Purpose (ESP) and it has its own stylistic features. This paper aims at analyzing the stylistic features of tourism English. Firstly, a large amount of authentic materials are collected from official tourism websites of Britain and the U.S., and then a corpus named Tourism English Corpus (TEC) is compiled. Freiburg-LOB Corpus of British Englis...

Previous research has revealed that English-speaking preschoolers expect that a novel count noun (but not a novel adjective), applied to an individual object, may be extended to other members of the same basic or superordinate level category. However, because the existing literature is based almost exclusively on English-speakers, it is unclear whether this specific expectation is evident in ch...

The present paper addresses the question how in syntactic parsing the coverage of words in previously unseen text may be improved. The adjectives in English are presented here as a case study. Working on the assumption that most new words that are introduced into the language are constructed on the basis of already existing words through the application of word-formation processes, we investiga...

The present paper addresses the question how in syntactic parsing the coverage of words in previously unseen text may be improved. The adjectives in English are presented here as a case study. Working on the assumption that most new words that are introduced into the language are constructed on the basis of already existing words through the application of word-formation processes, we investiga...

In recent years, theoretical and computational linguistics has paid much attention to linguistic items that form scales. In NLP, much research has focused on ordering adjectives by intensity (tiny < small). Here, we address the task of automatically ordering English adverbs by their intensifying or diminishing effect on adjectives (e.g. extremely small < very small). We experiment with 4 differ...

translation, whose first traces date back at least to 3000 bc (newmark, 1988), has always been considered time-consuming and labor-consuming. in view of this, experts have made numerous efforts to develop some mechanical systems which can reduce part of this time and labor. the advancement of computers in the second half of the twentieth century paved the ground for the invention of machine tra...