endonasal endoscopic laser-assisted dacryocystorhinostomy has many advantages over conventional external dacryocystorhinostomy. this technique avoids a cutaneous scar and causes less surgical trauma and bleeding than that seen in conventional lacrimal surgery. a total of 20 endoscopic laser-assisted dacryocystorhinostomy in 16 patients were performed between 1998 and 1999. the procedure was suc...

Endoscopic fetoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure performed during pregnancy [2] that allows physicians to view the fetus [3] in-utero. Physicians use endoscopic fetoscopy to evaluate, diagnose, and treat fetal abnormalities. Physicians use an endoscope, or a thin, flexible surgical device with a light attached to its end, to perform endoscopic fetoscopy procedures. In 1954, Björn...

Transnasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy is a good alternative for external DCR. It is considered a safe and efficient technique with successful results, comparable or even better than the external technique. Advanced knowledge of the endoscopic anatomy and the lacrimal system is necessary to perform the procedure safely, and to obtain good surgical outcomes. The aim of the paper is to analy...

Objective: After the increasing number of recent reports hysterectomy by transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES), we have introduced a novel procedure called vaginally-assisted NOTES (VANH). The objective this study was to describe VANH technique step-by-step, assess technical feasibility procedure, and evaluate its initial surgical outcomes.

Abstract Introduction: Arachnoid cysts are developmental cystic lesions which may be found as an incidental finding on neuroimaging or present with symptoms of headache, seizure and neurologic deficit. Presentation with seizure is more common with larger sizes and temporal location. Presentation with TLE is rare, and fenestration of cysts had variable results for seizure control. Here in, we r...

background: reintubation in patients after cardiac surgery is associated with undesirable consequences. the purpose of the present study was to identify variables that could predict reintubation necessity in this group of patients. methods: w e performed a prospective study in 1000 consecutive adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. the patients who required reint...

one of the basic purposes in dental treatment is providing a painless treatment for patients. this purpose may be achieved by the application of laser in dentistry. low-level laser therapy (lllt) is an internationally accepted title for biomodulation with low-level lasers which we use to achieve ideal therapeutic effects. low-level laser therapy is a painless, reproducible, non-invasive, and wi...

In head and neck area, neck dissection (ND) is one of the most complex and precision-needed procedure. The long cervical scar and post-operative neck discomfort have been also inevitable brands after this procedure. Heretofore, few dare to try endoscopic surgical technique to the ND mainly due to its complexity and jeopardy of complication. Although, there have been several reports about the en...

BACKGROUND We sought to construct a general methodology for objectively quantifying the learning curve associated with any surgical technique and to determine the number of cases needed to achieve a success rate of 90% for the technique of transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy. To our knowledge, no other studies have observed the learning curve of endoscopic lumbar discectomy by transfora...

Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy is a surgical technique most commonly used in the treatment of severe palmar hyperhidrosis in selected patients. The procedure also has limited use in the treatment axillary and craniofacial hyperhidrosis. Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy is associated with a high rate of the development of compensatory hyperhidrosis, which may affect patient satisfaction with...