Pituitary, adrenal, and pancreatic functions were investigated in 9 patients with thalassaemia major. 9 a.m. plasma ACTH values were 148-480 pg/ml (normal range 15-70 pg/ml). Cortisol and growth hormone response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia was normal in all. 24-hour urinary excretions of 17-ketosteroids and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids were normal. There was normal cortisol response to intram...

Opioids are an established option in the analgesic armamentarium for managing moderate-to-severe chronic pain. Long-term opioid use, however, is associated with several potential adverse effects and toxicities, such as peripheral edema, immune suppression, hyperalgesia, sleep apnea, and changes in endocrine function, many of which are not fully appreciated. Opioid endocrinopathy can greatly aff...

It is conventional to speak of voting as ‘‘habitual.’’ But what does this mean? In psychology, habits are cognitive associations between repeated responses and stable features of the performance context. Thus, ‘‘turnout habit’’ is best measured by an index of repeated behavior and a consistent performance setting. Once habit associations form, the response can be cued even in the absence of sup...

7 Abstract It is conventional to speak of voting as ‘‘habitual.’’ But what does this 8 mean? In psychology, habits are cognitive associations between repeated responses 9 and stable features of the performance context. Thus, ‘‘turnout habit’’ is best 10 measured by an index of repeated behavior and a consistent performance setting. 11 Once habit associations form, the response can be cued even ...

The clinical features of a 7-year-old girl with enamel hypoplasia secondary to autoimmune hypoparathyroidism and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis are detailed. The combination of features are typical of a rare, probably genetically determined immunodeficiency termed candidiasis endocrinopathy syndrome (CES). Affected individuals have chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and a spectrum of autoimmu...

Debilitating chronic nonmalignant pain is often managed using opioid medications. However, with increased use of this drug class comes concern about adverse effects on patients' endocrine function. In the present review, the authors discuss opioid-induced interference with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, effects on adrenal androgen production, and endocrine deficiency. In addition, the...