To be extended as 1648000 Km2, Iran has a widely varied climate; it is a habitat for very different plant species. Nearly 190 families of vascular plants are found in this country, totally containing 8500- 9500 species, the endemic plants being relatively numerous. Considering the inevitable importance of plants identification, a complete index of the endemic species of Phanerogams in Iran is l...

The extinction of plant and animal species has become an issue in the news, and the media have gradually become interested in the fate of the most endangered taxa. International organizations, such as the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), and others, are making tremendous efforts to safeguard hundreds of species. Their actions have already mad...

Species ranges have been shifting since the Pleistocene, whereby fragmentation, isolation, and the subsequent reduction in gene flow have resulted in local adaptation of novel genotypes and the repeated evolution of endemic species. While there is a wide body of literature focused on understanding endemic species, very few studies empirically test whether or not the evolution of endemics result...

Trypanosoma cruzi, a hemoflagellate protozoan (family Trypanosomatidae), is the ethiological agent of Chagas disease, which is affecting 16-18 million people, with more than 100 million exposed to the risk of infection. Higher plants are a potential source of new drugs to improve the treatment of Chagase disease. Until recently, Rutacea, Meliaceae, Simaroubaceae and Burceraceae families have be...

Over 90% of recent human-caused extinctions are wild species known from only one nation. These nationally endemic represent the greatest global conservation responsibilities for any country. To meet this responsibility, we must first identify species. We developed comprehensive inventory 308 plant, animal, and fungi infraspecies found in Canada, which approximately concern. Our analysis also id...