Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is responsible for large waterborne epidemics of acute hepatitis in endemic regions and for sporadic autochthonous cases in non endemic regions. Although the water vector has been thoroughly documented in endemic regions, very little is known about the modes of contamination occurring in non endemic regions. Unlike the other hepatitis viruses, HEV has an animal reservoir...

Malaria is endemic in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world, including Saudi Arabia. The infection has serious consequences in those residing in non endemic regions on travelling to endemic areas, due to lack of immunity to the parasite. In this report, we describe the clinical course of two patients who travelled to a malaria endemic area. Both contracted the infection and present...

introduction: malaria is a protozoal disease, transmitted to humans by female anopheles mosquito bite. plasmodium falciparum, compared to other kinds of plasmodium, causes more severe malaria and is associated with a higher mortality rate. annually, one to three million deaths occur due to malaria, especially by p. falciparum. case presentation: in this report, we introduce an iranian patient s...

Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) is chronic tubulointersticial nephritis of unknown aetiology characterized by an insidious onset and gradual progression to end stage renal disease (ESRD). Endemic regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina are Posavina and Semberija, sited at basin of Sava River. In BEN, just like in other chronic renal diseases (CKD), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), is assumed a mark...

background: crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is an acute tick-borne viral, zoonotic disease with hemorrhagic manifestations and considerable mortality in humans. the purpose of this study was to introduce cchf as a case report from babol, north of iran. it is known as an endemic pathogen in some regions of iran.case presentation: we present a case of cchf suffering from sudden onset of fe...

visceral leishmaniasis or kala azar is endemic in certain regions of india. in endemic areas, the con-stellation of fever, progressive weight loss, weakness, pronounced splenomegaly, anemia, leukopenia, and hypergammaglobulinemia is highly suggestive of visceral leishmaniasis. demonstration of the parasite in liver, splenic or bone marrow aspirates is confirmatory. we present a case in which le...