The method of choice for the treatment of choledochal cysts in children is excision of the cyst and Roux-en-Y (RY) choledochoenterostomy. When the ratio of the diameter of the main hepatic ductus to that of the proximal RY jejunum is 1:2.5 or lower during choledochoenterostomy, end-to-end anastomosis is recommended. However, this method may cause a difference in diameters between the ends. Here...

Multi-sourcing, the blending of services from multiple external and internal providers, has gradually become the standard mode of operation in IT outsourcing. It allows companies to assemble a best-ofbreed provider portfolio and to reduce costs. A key difference between singleand multi-sourcing is the potential interdependence between services delivered by multiple providers. To deliver a seaml...

proximity of the vagus nerve to a patent ductus arteriosus (pda) can cause traction or entrapment of vagus nerve during surgical closure of the in rare occasions. this can lead to a life threatening postoperative bradycardia. herein, we report a case of bradycardia caused by unexpected irritation of the vagal trunk by the end of operation. the patient was managed by re-opening the chest, lung r...

introduction: excessive temperature rise during drilling of the mandible for dental implant placement might damage adjacent osseous tissues. various factors affect temperature rise, including the geometrical parameters of surgical drills, one of which is the drill bit head angle. the aim of this research was to determine suitable drill bit head angle to induce minimum temperature rise during ma...

normal 0 false false false en-us x-none ar-sa background: the purpose of the present study was to determine the post-operative analgesic effects of preemptive intravenous (iv) paracetamol and the amount of reduction in tramadol (contramal ® ) consumption. materials and methods: following local research ethics committee approval, asai-ii, 300 patients were assigned in a randomized manner into th...