Water-in-oil emulsions are commonly used to provide persistent release of antigens necessary for sustained stimulation of the immune system. Optimal response of an animal's immune system is dependent upon repeated, maintained exposure to the antigen. The sustained release of antigen, which delays catab-olism, is thought to be one of the major methods by which adjuvants enhance the immune respon...

Water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion is one of the best "one-shot" delivery system for antigen to generate high and durable antibody response. Here a facile method using premixed Shirasu Porous Glass (SPG) membrane emulsification technique was employed to fabricate uniform-sized emulsion and mechanical stirring was employed to prepare non-uniform-sized emulsion as control. In release kinetics studies, u...

calcium carbonate nano-particles were synthesized by a reverse micro-emulsion method at room temperature with tween® 80 and span® 80 as co-surfactants. the nano-particles synthesized were surface modified by stearic acid. an important operating variable in the span 80-tween 80/toluene/water reverse micro-emulsion system, the ω-value (water/surfactant molar ratio) was investigated. the material ...

the present study involves preparation and evaluation of gastric-mucoadhesive microparticles with metformin hydrochloride as model drug for prolongation of gastric residence time. the microparticles were prepared by the emulsification solvent evaporation technique using polymers of carbomer 934p (c) and ethylcellulose (ec). the microparticles were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation method...

A phenol aqueous emulsion allows the reassociation of DNA a t temperatures from 6 to 68 "C. This phenol emulsion reassociation technique (PERT) also promotes the very rapid reassociation of DNA. E . coli and human DNAs a t a concentration of 4 pg/mL reacted a t room temperature with the P E R T reassociate many thousand times faster than under the standard conditions of 0.18 M Na+, 60 O C . Sol...

In this study, a membrane-integrated glass capillary device for preparing small-sized water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsion droplets is demonstrated. The concept of integrating microfluidics to prepare precise structure-controlled double emulsion droplets with the membrane emulsification technique provides a simple method for preparing small-sized and structure-controlled double emulsion dropl...

A stable water-in-oil-in-water (W1/O/W2) double emulsion containing in its inner aqueous phase a microbial consortium (60mgprotein L 1 double emulsion) known to degrade methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) was prepared. The primary emulsion (W1/O) had a volume disperse phase (f1) of 0.3 and was stabilized with 8% Span 80. The double emulsion had a volume disperse phase (f2) of 0.3 and was stabilized ...

kinetics of radical polymerizations of waterborne alkyd/acrylic hybrid resin via batch mini-emulsion technique was studied using redox initiators (tbhp/fe2+/edta/asac  and  tbhp/fe2+/edta/sfs) at relatively low temperatures and thermal initiators (bpo, kps and aibn) at higher temperatures to seek the most suitable initiator system. at the end of all reactions the unreacted monomer content was r...

Cellular and humoral responses in animals are frequently induced by subcutaneous injection with antigen emulsified in an agent such as complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA). These emulsions are commonly prepared by repetitive mixing of aqueous and oil components in two coupled syringes (1). Although effective, this procedure is slow and tedious. Sonification has proven to be a more rapid alternative...