The Travelling Salesmen Problem (TSP) is one of the most important and famous combinational optimization problems that aim to find the shortest tour. In this problem, the salesman starts to move from an arbitrary place called depot and after visiting all nodes, finally comes back to depot. Solving this problem seems hard because program statement is simple and leads this problem belonging to NP...

water conveyance systems (wcss) are costly infrastructures in terms of materials, construction, maintenance and energy requirements. much attention has been given to the application of optimization methods to minimize the costs associated with such infrastructures. historically, traditional optimization techniques have been used, such as linear and non-linear programming. in this paper, applica...

the classification and regression trees (cart) possess the advantage of being able to handlelarge data sets and yield readily interpretable models. in spite to these advantages, they are alsorecognized as highly unstable classifiers with respect to minor perturbations in the training data.in the other words methods present high variance. fuzzy logic brings in an improvement in theseaspects due ...

Ant colony algorithm suffers drawbacks such as slow convergence and easy to trap into local optimum, therefore the path planning for mobile robot based on an improved ant colony optimization algorithm is proposed. The workspace for mobile robot is established with grid method. A hybrid ant colony which is composed of common ants and exploratory ants is utilized to avoid trapping into local opti...

the travelling salesmen problem (tsp) is one of the most important and famous combinational optimization problems that aim to find the shortest tour. in this problem, the salesman starts to move from an arbitrary place called depot and after visiting all nodes, finally comes back to depot. solving this problem seems hard because program statement is simple and leads this problem belonging to np...

This article proposes a novel MPPT algorithm based on the firefly and elite ant system-trained Elman neural network (FA-EAS-ElmanNN). First, position of fireflies is randomly initialized by (FA), meanwhile individuals with higher attractiveness degree value are selected as optimal solution. Second, extra pheromones artificially released to boost positive feedback effect convergence rate system ...

Using direct democracy, voters in a majority of states have considered, in recent years, whether the definition of marriage should include or exclude same-sex couples. This Article explores how individuals assessed three ballot measures that defined marriage in three states: two constitutional referendums that proposed to outlaw same-sex marriage in North Carolina and Minnesota, and a veto refe...

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the world's most important legume for human consumption. Anthracnose (ANT; Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) and angular leaf spot (ALS; Pseudocercospora griseola) are complex diseases that cause major yield losses in common bean. Depending on the cultivar and environmental conditions, anthracnose and angular leaf spot infections can reduce crop yield dra...