In this paper, we study two different Graded Index (GRIN) photonic crystal (PC) structures which are named as structure type I and type II. The PC structures are made of the square rod in an air background. To design a GRIN PC structure the lattice constant has been altered in the direction transverse to propagation. We investigated focusing effect             and waveguiding behavior of electr...

Boundary-value problems are formulated for elliptic-hyperbolic systems that model electromagnetic wave propagation in an idealized plasma. MSC2000 : 35M10, 35D05, 82D10

19 Waves in Cold Plasmas: Two-Fluid Formalism 1 19.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 19.2 Dielectric Tensor, Wave Equation, and General Dispersion Relation . . . . . 3 19.3 Wave Modes in an Unmagnetized Plasma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 19.3.1 Two-Fluid Formalism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 19.3.2 ...

21 Waves in Cold Plasmas: Two-Fluid Formalism 1 21.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 21.2 Dielectric Tensor, Wave Equation, and General Dispersion Relation . . . . . 3 21.3 Two-Fluid Formalism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 21.4 Wave Modes in an Unmagnetized Plasma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2...

21 Waves in Cold Plasmas: Two-Fluid Formalism 1 21.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 21.2 Dielectric Tensor, Wave Equation, and General Dispersion Relation . . . . . 3 21.3 Two-Fluid Formalism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 21.4 Wave Modes in an Unmagnetized Plasma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2...