Time-dependent density functional theory is extended to include dissipative systems evolving under a master equation, providing a Hamiltonian treatment for molecular electronics. For weak electric fields, the isothermal conductivity is shown to match the adiabatic conductivity, thereby recovering the Landauer result.

Introduction: Electric Properties Tomography (EPT) provides a theoretical framework for the determination of electric conductivity and local SAR using a standard MR system [1]. These two parameters could be of high interest in clinical MR and MR hardware engineering. Firstly, local SAR is of major interest in high field MR. Secondly, conductivity could be used as a parameter for diagnosis. For ...

Introduction: The electric conductivity can potentially be used as diagnostic information due to its ability to reflect the grade of tissue damage (see, e.g., [1]). In its general form, the conductivity is given by a rank-2 tensor, including anisotropic cases of conductivity. In vivo, anisotropic conductivities can be found in tissue with preferred cell direction, e.g., in muscles and nerves [2...

The effect of an electrical double layer (EDL) on microchannel flow has been studied widely, and a constant bulk electric conductivity is often used in calculations of flow rate or pressure drop. In our experimental study of pressure-driven micropipette flows, the pipette diameter is on the same order of magnitude as the Debye length. The overlapping EDL resulted in a much higher electric condu...

BACKGROUND Electroporation based therapies and treatments (e.g. electrochemotherapy, gene electrotransfer for gene therapy and DNA vaccination, tissue ablation with irreversible electroporation and transdermal drug delivery) require a precise prediction of the therapy or treatment outcome by a personalized treatment planning procedure. Numerical modeling of local electric field distribution wit...

Because of their frequency-dependent penetration depth, eddy current measurements are capable of mapping the near-surface depth profile of the electric conductivity. This technique can be used to nondestructively characterize the subsurface residual stress distribution in certain types of shot-peened metals, e.g., in nickel-base superalloys. In this paper, a highly convergent iterative inversio...

Article type: Original Article Introduction: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a process in which the membrane of the cancer cells are irreversibly damaged with the use of high-intensity electric pulses, which in turn leads to cell death. The IRE is a non-thermal way to ablate the cancer cells. This process relies on the distribution of the electric field, which affects the pulse amplitude,...

The anisotropic thermal conductivity of passivated black phosphorus (BP), a reactive two-dimensional material with strong in-plane anisotropy, is ascertained. The room-temperature thermal conductivity for three crystalline axes of exfoliated BP is measured by time-domain thermo-reflectance. The thermal conductivity along the zigzag direction is ≈2.5 times higher than that of the armchair direct...

Abstract – In this paper, the effect of applied electric field on the damage due to partial discharges activity into the surroundings dielectrics of a narrow channel encapsulated within the volume of a dielectric material is evaluated using a kinetic model based on Particle in Cell - Monte Carlo Collision (PIC-MCC) model. After application of an electric field across a dielectric material which...

Suspended microdevices are employed to measure the in-plane electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and Seebeck coefficient of suspended poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) thin films. The measured thermal conductivity is higher than previously reported for PEDOT and generally increases with the electrical conductivity. The increase exceeds that predicted by the Wiedemann-Franz law ...