The purpose of this essay is to offer criteria for the identification of propaganda as a type of discourse, and for the analysis and evaluation of argumentation used in propaganda.1 Ten essential characteristics (as well as several other typical properties) of propaganda as an identifiable type of discourse are given. Some advice is given on how to analyze argumentation in propaganda, and to re...

This article explores shifting definitions of propaganda, because how we define the slippery enterprise determines whether we perceive propaganda to be ethical or unethical. I also consider the social psychology and semantics of propaganda, because our ethics are shaped by and reflect our belief systems, values, and language behaviors. Finally, in the article I redefine propaganda in a way that...

This paper examines Jason Stanley’s account of propaganda. I begin with an overview and some questions about the structure of that account. I then argue for two main conclusions. First, I argue that Stanley’s account over-generalizes, by counting mere incompetent argumentation as propaganda. But this problem can be avoided, by emphasizing the role of emotions in effective propaganda more than S...

OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of an index in increasing recognition of misleading problem framing in articles and manuscripts. DESIGN A propaganda index consisting of 32 items was developed drawing on related literature. Seventeen subjects who review manuscripts for possible publication were requested to read five recent published reports of randomized controlled trials concerning ...

Este artículo estudia la primera elección presidencial de Luis Alberto Herrera como candidato del Partido Nacional uruguayo en 1922. En aquel tiempo su liderazgo carismático y arrastre popular estaban sus inicios, a diferencia culto característico los siguientes años. trabajo muestra cómo el –a partir análisis discursos políticos prensa nacionalista– hicieron propaganda electoral, si bien resul...

Propaganda and surveillance are pervasive in contemporary society. Extensive literatures have developed around each. George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four is an important point of reference in both literatures. Orwell takes both propaganda and surveillance to extreme limits: total surveillance and total propaganda. Writing them large he brings important aspects of each into sharp relief, which i...

Electoral participation is one of the important pillars of any country's development. Therefore, the study was conducted with the aim of the effect of social justice on electoral participation. For this purpose, Inglehart and Milbrath theories were used as a theoretical framework. The research method was survey and data were collected using a questionnaire. The statistical population included y...

This article examines the extent to which media bias is featured in reportage of Ghana’s 2020 Presidential Election Petition. The Petition was filed by main candidate opposition National Democratic Congress (NDC), John Dramani Mahama who challenged declaration Electoral Commission (EC) that President Nana Addo Dankwah Akufo incumbent New Patriotic Party (NPP) won election. Using a purposive sam...

This research analyses three fundamental questions to determine how, when and by whom emotions are used in campaign materials (political propaganda). Focusing on the 2019 European elections we carry out a three-phase analysis. Firstly, check use of rational content against that appeals voters’ emotions. Secondly, observe which these emo tions channelled towards negative strategies and, therefor...