In this paper, mesh-free element free Galerkin (EFG) method is extended to solve two-dimensional potential flow problems. Two ideal fluid flow problems (i.e. flow over a rigid cylinder and flow over a sphere) have been formulated using variational approach. Penalty and Lagrange multiplier techniques have been utilized for the enforcement of essential boundary conditions. Four point Gauss quadra...

We present a framework to solve for best responses in extensive-form games (EFGs) with imperfect information by transforming the games into Information-Set MDPs (ISMDPs), and then applying simulation-based reinforcement learning methods to the ISMDPs. We first show that, from the point of view of a single player, an EFG can be represented as an Information-Set POMDP (ISPOMDP) whose states corre...

We present a library for the computation of the shape functions for the element free Galerkin (EFG) method. While the EFG method is in many respects strikingly similar to the finite element method, the construction of the shape functions for the EFG method is much more complicated than in the FEM. Thus, the question arises whether it is possible to encapsulate the complexity of the shape functi...

Specific interactions between ribosome recycling factor (RRF) and elongation factor-G (EFG) mediate disassembly of post-termination ribosomal complexes for new rounds of initiation. The interactions between RRF and EFG are also important in peptidyl-tRNA release from stalled pre-termination complexes. Unlike the post-termination complexes (harboring deacylated tRNA), the pre-termination complex...

Using molecular simulations, we analyze the microscopic processes driving the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxation of quadrupolar cations in water. The fluctuations of the Electric Field Gradient (EFG) experienced by alkaline and magnesium cations, which determine the NMR relaxation time, are mainly due to the dynamics of water molecules in their solvation shell. The dynamics of the ion ...

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxation is sensitive to the local structure and dynamics around the probed nuclei. The Electric Field Gradient (EFG) is the key microscopic quantity to understand the NMR relaxation of quadrupolar ions, such as (7)Li(+), (23)Na(+), (25)Mg(2+), (35)Cl(-), (39)K(+), or (133)Cs(+). Using molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the statistical and dynamica...

Edge-functionalized graphite (EFG) is prepared via a "direct" covalent attachment of organic molecular wedges. The EFG is dispersed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone with a concentration as high as 0.27 mg mL(-1), leading to high-yield exfoliation of the three-dimensional graphite into two-dimensional graphene-like sheets.

The application of a coupled ®nite element± element-free Galerkin (EFG) method to problems in threedimensional fracture is presented. The EFG method is based on moving least square (MLS) approximations and uses only a set of nodal points and a CAD-like description of the body to formulate the discrete model. The EFG method is coupled with the ®nite element method which allows for the use of the...

The interaction between the quadrupole moment of nuclear spins I > + with the electric-field-gradient (EFG) tensor leads to a splitting of the energy of the nuclear spin states. We show how the combination of laser and radio-frequency irradiation allows measurements of nuclear spin transitions in quadrupolar systems that are, in contrast to purely magnetic experiments, sensitive to the absolute...

The electric field gradient (EFG) at the nuclei of the 5 sp impurities In, Sn, Sb, I and Xe in Cd metal is investigated on the basis of supercell band structure calculations of C d15M (M = I n , . . . , Xe). The theoretical results show the same trend as the experimental findings. The differences in the EFG for different impurities are related to the charge distribution and partial densities of...