Prioritizing public investments requires information on relative returns that are difficult to derive from disparate evaluation studies. This paper presents a ‘hybrid’ approach that combines ex post evaluation data with an economy-wide model for experimenting ex ante with alternative investment portfolios within a consistent, structural framework. The approach is used to evaluate rural investme...

Twenty-fi ve years after fi ve States ratifi ed the Schengen Agreements, twenty-fi ve countries have now signed up to this treaty, including Switzerland on 12 December 2008. The Schengen Area now includes twenty-two members of the European Union and three associated States. As decreed by the Schengen Agreements, the principle of the free circulation of people and goods linked to economic growth...

– All-unit order frequency discount • 94%-effective policy for a variable base period – Incremental order frequency discount • 94%-effective policy for a fixed base period • 98%-effective policy for a variable base period Introduction • A supply chain is a network of facilities that procure raw materials, transform them into intermediate goods and then final products, and deliver the products t...

Ghana is often considered an African development success story. Over the past two decades, the country experienced strong and steady economic growth in a stable and democratic political environment. Broad-based growth over the past two decades— during which the agricultural sector has been an important driver, thanks to its transformation—has led to impressive progress in poverty reduction. Gha...

This paper studies a competition in a decentralized supply chain between two independent suppliers who sell their products to a common retailer, under sales-rebate contract, and wherein the demand is sensitive to retail prices. The inventory related operational costs are included in the chain based on the economic order quantity model. The conditions of existence and uniqueness of the retailer’...

Outside of China, despite rapid economic growth in many low and middle income countries, there has been little progress in meeting the MDG1 target of halving the incidence of global poverty by 2014. Part of the explanation for this weak poverty-reducing performance has been the historic trajectory of innovation. During the 20 Century, most of global innovation had its origins in the north, prod...

One of the International Development Targets agreed by the UN Social Summit in 1995 is to halve the 1990 incidence of dollar-a-day poverty in developing and transitional countries by 2015. This note estimates progress towards that target. If China, each country in South Asia, and each other region changes incidence in 1998-2015 at the same rate as in 1990-98, then overall dollar poverty inciden...