BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori may cause many gastrointestinal problems in developing countries such as Iran. We aimed to analyze the cost- effectiveness and cost- utility of the test-and-treat and empirical treatment strategies in managing Helicobacter pylori infection. METHODS This was a Markov based economic evaluation. Effectiveness was defined as the symptoms free numbers and QALYs in 10...

introduction agricultural research is important and one of the determinant factors of development of technologies in agricultural sector. among agricultural research disciplines, breeding programs, especially, wheat breeding programs are one of the applied approaches in improving of production and food security. based on a study by byerlee & traxler (1995), economic benefits and internal rate o...

four hundred and ninety five smallholder dairy farms in 52 villages of different cities in chaharmohal and bakhtiari province including 1321 lactating cows and totalling 2811 total mature cows (lactating and dry)were employed during winter 2009 to summer 2010 to estimate the economic opportunities as per cow in smallholder dairy farms. a questionnaire survey was employed to collect data from th...

forage is the main product of rangelands. so, determining its economic value as one of the main important nonmonetary functions can help managers to improve planning and optimal utilization management of rangelands. the main purpose of this study is to estimate the economic valuation of the forage of summer rangelands in nour-roud watershed basin in mazandaran province. consequently, total fora...

abstract the purpose of this study is to examine the economic impacts of developing and introducing almond late flowering cultivars during 1968 to 2019 years in iran, which developed in sahand horticultural research station using the economic surplus model and field and time series data. the estimation of shift parameter identifies that almond late flowering cultivars make almond supply curve m...

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of soil application of zinc fertilizer on yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Pak-81) grown on calcareous soil in Pakistan. The levels of zinc sulphate were 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 kg ha and the zinc sulphate was combine-drilled at the time of sowing. Zinc sulphate increased the Leaf Area Index, t...

the main objective of this study was to investigate the economic efficiency of investment in sugar beet breeding research in iran. the required information including the value and cost of sugar beet production in 2010 and the budget allocated to the sugar beet breeding research were obtained from the office of statistics and information technology of ministry of jihad-e-agriculture and agricult...

BACKGROUND Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBIs) as a result of traffic accidents are one of the major causes of deaths, which lead to the loss of individuals' productive and working years of life. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to calculate the economic burden of traumatic brain injuries in fatal crashes at Shahid Rajaei Trauma Hospital, Shiraz, Iran for a period of five years. PATIENTS AND METHODS...