انحراف در رهبری جامعه نوپای اسلامی منجر به انحراف در احکام و سیاست‏ها شد. مسلمانان که در عصر پیامبر طبق دستورات قرآن و آموزه‏های نبوی عمل می‏کردند، با رفتارهایی از سوی حاکمان مواجه شدند که در تناقض با کتاب و سنت نبوی بود و بتدریج عنوان سنت یافت و مقبولیت عامه را بدست آورد. این رفتارها در قالب احکام عبادی، سیاسی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی قابل بحث و بررسی است. در مقابل سنتهای غلط که بدعت نامیده می‏شوند،...

Methods and results Geneva prison (for men and women) has 300 beds and serves as a remand prison and for short and medium term sentences. One fifth of the prisoners are dependent on opiates at entry. For our study we cross checked prison medical records with medicolegal necropsv reports in the Canton of Geneva. During 1982-6, 102 sudden deaths among former prisoners were recorded, of which a la...

Intelligent Design Theory (ID) has been much maligned recently as Neo-Creationist pseudoscience. This paper looks briefly at the common arguments used against ID, including arguments from methodological naturalism (MN), falsifiability, productivity, and religious fundamentalism. Ultimately it goes on to explain why the theory could be beneficial to our society today and suggests a need for a me...