In 2012, world leaders will meet at the Rio+20 conference to advance sustainable development--20 years after the Earth Summit that resulted in agreement on important principles but insufficient action. Many of the development goals have not been achieved partly because social (including health), economic, and environmental priorities have not been addressed in an integrated manner. Adverse tren...

abstract:the paper begins by noting that proposals involving significant developments in the regional tradearchitecture are being developed within regional processes that in some cases are simultaneouslypursuing other dimensions of regional economic integration: monetary and financial cooperation inthe case of asean + 3, and the establishment of a common market in the case of asean. at leastthr...

Global economic growth and integration suffered major setbacks in 2020-21 owing to the Coronavirus crisis huge strains it put on people, companies governments all around world. Greater of women into labor force is perhaps one most powerful levers many emerging markets. As trade costs decline over time, global-value-chain (GVC) expands across countries, particularly more faster growing country, ...

the growth of regional trade blocks has been one of the major developments in international relations in recent years. regional agreements vary widely but, all have the objective of reducing barriers to trade between member countries that in most cases result in increasingly trade flows and economic growth. this paper attempts to explore the results of trade integration in eco, eu and oic block...