An Economic Analysis of Exclusion Restrictions for Instrumental Variable Estimation Instrumental variable estimation requires untestable exclusion restrictions. With policy effects on individual outcomes, there is typically a time interval between the moment the agent realizes that he may be exposed to the policy and the actual exposure or the announcement of the actual treatment status. In suc...

Although soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), has caused economic damage in several Midwestern states, growers in Missouri have experienced relatively minor damage. To evaluate whether existing predatory insect populations are capable of suppressing or preventing soybean aphid population growth or establishment in Missouri, a predator exclusion study was conducted to ...

This Research Programme is curerntly funded by the ESRC (Project Number R000236776Social exclusion or flexible adaptation coal districts in a period of economic transformation) and the Joseph Rowntree Foundation (Project Number 150233 – Rural Areas Learning from the Coalfields? Economic Regeneration, Social Exclusion and Integration) 1999 Cardiff University is the public name of the University ...

Exclusion on the basis of race, religion, and ethnicity exists in many nations under diverse social, economic, and political systems. Such exclusion is a problem in several countries in Asia. And while many Asian countries—such as China, India, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, and Pakistan— have developed equal opportunity policies to overcome economic discrimination, the nature of both market and nonma...

Although the concept of social exclusion has its origins in northern social policy discourses, it can add value to attempts to think about social policy in the context of development if it can provide a unifying framework for analysing the social implications of economic disadvantage and the economic implications of social disadvantage. This paper develops one possible version of such a framewo...

Patents grant their owners the right to exclude others from practicing a claimed invention for a limited time. Whether patents actually protect the economic interests of their owners, provide incentive for innovation, and foster economic growth has been extensively debated. There are undisputedly, however, times when the same patents that may protect an entity’s exclusive interest in a claimed ...