one of the specific aspects of our time is the existence of world trade organization as an important international center. this organization regulates the commercial laws among the countries, and tries to provide a suitable environment for trade by eliminating the subsidies using protection policies and making a better condition for competition. in order to achieve this objective, the economic ...

The aim of this research is to help advance a better understanding of digital advertising innovation adoption, consumer acceptance of customized advertising, and the influence of customized advertising on product purchase intent via a mobile social network. To this end, two types of questionnaires, including an open questionnaire filled up by 16 experts and university professors was designed to...

One of the specific aspects of our time is the existence of World Trade Organization as an important international center. This organization regulates the commercial laws among the countries, and tries to provide a suitable environment for trade by eliminating the subsidies using protection policies and making a better condition for competition. In order to achieve this objective, the economic ...

When faced with a variable environment, organisms may switch between different strategies according to some probabilistic rule. In an infinite population, evolution is expected to favor the rule that maximizes geometric mean fitness. If some environments are encountered only rarely, selection may not be strong enough for optimal switching probabilities to evolve. Here we calculate the evolution...

With higher payments and expanded private-plan authority, Medicare Advantage (MA) has caused the market to grow. One in three Medicare beneficiaries with Part D now gets this coverage through MA. Analysis of the sources of and reasons for enrollment growth suggest a troubling report card. Clearly, the Medicare Modernization Act (MMA) has expanded choice and the private-sector role. But it also ...

The Medicare Advantage (MA) program continues to grow and thrive, despite plan payment cuts imposed through the Affordable Care Act. What explains this surprising outcome (one that is strikingly different than the experience of MA plans in the late 1990s, when payment cuts led to dramatic shrinkage in enrollment and curtailment of plans)? This analysis argues that a combination of factors, incl...

Sustainable competitive advantage (CA) is a necessary requirement of a rational economic business organisation. Without this CA a business does not have a rational source for appropriating added value in the form of retained profit. Various management research papers have identified numerous factors that may create a source of competitive advantage. Other researchers have shown how industries h...

The Affordable Care Act enacts a new payment system for private health plans available to Medicare beneficiaries through the Medicare Advantage (MA) program. The system, which is being phased in through 2017, aims to (1) reduce the excess pay­ments received by private plans relative to per capita spending in traditional Medicare, and (2) reward plans that earn high performance ratings. Using 20...