Itai and Rodeh [IR] have proved thal for any 2-conncctcd graph G and any vertex S E G there are two spanning trees such that the paths from any othcr vcrtex to s on the trees are disjoint. In this p,aper the result is generalized to 3-connected graphs. T ec hn io n C om pu te r Sc ie nc e D ep ar tm en t T eh ni ca l R ep or t C S0 46 2 19 87 -1

In this paper the connections between the evolutionary paradigm called adaptationism and the field of evolutionary computation (EC) will be outlined. After giving an introduction to adaptationism we will try to show that the so called adaptational stance can be applied in EC as well as in biology and this application may have significant benefits. It will also be shown that this approach has se...

The Electron Counting (EC) paradigm was proved to be an efficient methodology for computing arithmetic operations in Single Electron Tunneling (SET) technology. In previous research EC based addition and multiplication have been implemented. However, the effective performance of these schemes is diminished by fabrication technology imposed practical limitations. To alleviate this problem high r...

b Departamento de Micología, Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, E-28014 12 Madrid, Spain 13 14 # To whom correspondence should be addressed (email: [email protected]). 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Running title: Establishing a cell wall paradigm in oomycetes 23 24 Copyright © 2012, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Eukaryotic Cell doi:10.1128/EC.00288-12 EC Accepts, pu...

Smart grids (SGs) are reforming towards utilizing massive data for operations and services. During this reform, the information communication technologies (ICTs) play a critical role, especially computing model, which determines how analytics in SG can be executed. Edge (EC), novel paradigm innovation, has high potential to help with digitization of SG. This paper seeks provide comprehensive re...

As claimed by many behavioral scientists, designing should be based on the knowledge of interaction between human and environment. Environmental quality is also created in the context in which humans interact with their environment. To achieve such quality, designers should develop appropriate models for explaining this relationship, and this requires an understanding of human nature and the en...

Over recent years, there has been a rapid development of deep learning (DL) in both industry and academia fields. However, finding the optimal hyperparameters DL model often needs high computational cost human expertise. To mitigate above issue, evolutionary computation (EC) as powerful heuristic search approach shown significant merits automated design models, so-called (EDL). This paper aims ...

We introduce a paradigm, called data-reduction, for the parallel evaluation of a general datalog program. Several parallelization strategies discussed previously in [CW, GST, W, WS] are special cases of this paradigm. The paradigm parallelizes the evaluation by partitioning the instantiations of the rules of the program among the processors. After presenting the paradigm. we discuss the followi...

Postoperative environmental enrichment (EC) in rats with brain lesions has been hailed as a potential agent of recovery of function following brain damage. However, most such claims are based on examining the effects of EC on acquisition of a new task following brain injury. Elsewhere we have argued that since this paradigm fails to establish a preoperative behavioural baseline against which to...

This paper contains a critical review of the claim that evaluative conditioning (EC) represents a theoretically distinct form of classical conditioning. A review of the evidence suggests that: (i) while it is claimed that EC can occur without awareness, EC studies have either adopted inappropriate statistical comparisons to demonstrate this or have failed to use the control conditions necessary...