OBJECTIVES The aim of this in vivo study was to assess the accuracy of 2 third-generation electronic apex locators (EALs), Propex II (Dentsply Maillefer) and Root ZX II (J. Morita), and radiographic technique for locating the major foramen (MF). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two premolars with single canals that required extraction were included. Following anesthesia, access, and initial canal...

OBJECTIVE This ex vivo study evaluated the effect of pre-flaring and file size on the accuracy of the Root ZX and Novapex electronic apex locators (EALs). MATERIAL AND METHODS The actual working length (WL) was set 1 mm short of the apical foramen in the palatal root canals of 24 extracted maxillary molars. The teeth were embedded in an alginate mold, and two examiners performed the electroni...

BACKGROUND Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In particular, early adverse life events (EALs) and the catecholaminergic system have been implicated. AIMS To investigate whether catecholaminergic SNPs with or without interacting with EALs are associated with: 1) a diagnosis of IBS, 2) IBS symptoms and 3) morphological alterati...

Background: The apical extent of instrument termination and final root-filling procedures have been found to be key prognostic factors in relation the outcome root canal treatment. precise location this point has always a challenge clinical endodontics. Until introduction contemporary electronic apex locators (EALs), conventional radiography was traditionally used determine working length. Sinc...

The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of three different electronic apex locators (EALs) in comparison with the radiographic working length determination. This study was conducted on the 211 root canals of 113 teeth in the undergraduate endodontic clinic. Under the referee of the research assistants, the students determined the working length by taking a periapical radiograph with the ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of five electronic apex locators (EALs) in determining the working length (WL) of teeth after removal of the root canal obturation materials. A total of 32 extracted straight, single-rooted teeth were used. The actual canal length (AL) was determined and the WL was established by subtracting 0.5 mm from the AL. The root canals were instrumented...

No problem is ever permanently closed. The editor is always pleased to consider for publication new solutions or new insights o n p a s t p r oblems. (1) Determine the set of all c > 0 such that whenever (1) holds, then we have x + y + z xy + yz+ zx. The positive r eals c asked for are those satisfying c 4. From (1), we have xy < c and z = c ; xy x + y + xy. Substituting this value of z into th...

AIM To develop a simple, practical and inexpensive model, which enables the use of electronic apex locators (EALs) during pre-clinical and continuing education. METHODOLOGY Extracted teeth were placed in a mould and embedded in acrylic resin. The resin was applied in two consecutive steps to form a cavity around the root apices. A closable plastic tube serves as a valve, and a steel wire conn...

Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a heterogeneous group of rare inherited metabolic diseases that are frequently triggered by the accumulation of lipids inside organelles of the endosomal-autophagic-lysosomal system (EALS). There is now a growing realization that disrupted lysosomal homeostasis (i.e., lysosomal cacostasis) also contributes to more common neurodegenerative disorders such as ...