Dynamics are inherent characteristics of batch processes, and they may exist not only within a particular batch, but also from batch to batch. To model and monitor such two-dimensional (2D) batch dynamics, two-dimensional dynamic principal component analysis (2D-DPCA) has been developed. However, the original 2D-DPCA calculates the monitoring control limits based on the multivariate Gaussian di...

BACKGROUND Emphasis is increasingly being placed on the monitoring and comparison of clinical outcomes between healthcare providers. Funnel plots have become a standard graphical methodology to identify outliers and comprise plotting an outcome summary statistic from each provider against a specified 'target' together with upper and lower control limits. With discrete probability distributions ...

BACKGROUND Emphasis is increasingly being placed on the monitoring of clinical outcomes for health care providers. Funnel plots have become an increasingly popular graphical methodology used to identify potential outliers. It is assumed that a provider only displaying expected random variation (i.e. 'in-control') will fall outside a control limit with a known probability. In reality, the discre...

The General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) offers performance guaranteed packet data services to mobile users. A dynamic adaptive guaranteed quality-of-service (QoS) provisioning scheme is proposed over GPRS wireless mobile links via the guaranteed QoS media access control (GQ-MAC) protocol and the accompanying adaptive prioritized-handoff call admission control (AP-CAC) protocol to maintain QoS g...

Value at Risk (VaR) has emerged in recent years as a standard tool to measure and control the risk of trading portfolios. Yet, existing theoretical analyses of the optimal behavior of a trader subject to VaR limits have produced a negative view of VaR as a risk-control tool. In particular, VaR limits have been found to induce increased risk exposure in some states and an increased probability o...