We investigate the impact of cyclic competition on pattern formation in the rock-paper-scissors game. By separately considering random and prepared initial conditions, we observe a critical influence of the competition rate p on the stability of spiral waves and on the emergence of biodiversity. In particular, while increasing values of p promote biodiversity, they may act detrimentally on spat...

We present a comprehensive study of pattern formation in single-field relaxational systems with field-dependent coefficients. A modulated mean-field theory leads to a form amenable to analysis via the geometric architecture developed in our earlier work for systems that exhibit phase transitions between global steady states [Phys. Rev. E 69, 011102 (2004)]. We demonstrate that the phase diagram...

In this article we propose models and a numerical method for pattern formation on evolving curved surfaces. We formulate reaction-diffusion equations on evolving surfaces using the material transport formula, surface gradients and diffusive conservation laws. The evolution of the surface is defined by a material surface velocity. The numerical method is based on the evolving surface finite elem...

The current study examined the effect of empathy on friendship quality in the context of dyadic same-sex friendships, and how such an effect might be mediated by interpersonal competence. A special version of the actor-partner interdependence model (APIM) was used to examine this hypothesis in 146 same-sex friend dyads in 10th grade. Results showed that empathy was positively related to intimac...

In the past few decades, it has become increasingly popular and important to utilize mathematical models to understand how microscopic intercellular interactions lead to the macroscopic pattern formation ubiquitous in the biological world. Modeling methodologies come in a large variety and presently it is unclear what is their interrelationship and the assumptions implicit in their use. They ca...

A key qualitative requirement for highway traffic models is the ability to replicate a type of traffic jam popularly referred to as a phantom jam, shock wave or stop-and-go wave. Despite over 50 years of modelling, the precise mechanisms for the generation and propagation of stop-and-go waves and the associated spatio-temporal patterns are in dispute. However, the increasing availability of emp...

The present meta-analytic review examined effectiveness of the Incredible Years parent training (IYPT) regarding disruptive and prosocial child behavior, and aimed to explain variability in intervention outcomes. Fifty studies, in which an intervention group receiving the IYPT was compared to a comparison group immediately after intervention, were included in the analyses. Results showed that t...

In the Wadden Sea, mussel beds self-organise into spatial patterns consisting of bands parallel to the shore. A leading explanation for this phenomenon is that mussel aggregation reduces losses from dislodgement and predation, because of the adherence of mussels to one another. Previous mathematical modelling has shown that this can lead to spatial patterning when it is coupled to the advection...

Territoriality is a phenomenon exhibited throughout nature. On the individual level, it is the processes by which organisms exclude others of the same species from certain parts of space. On the population level, it is the segregation of space into separate areas, each used by subsections of the population. Proving mathematically that such individual-level processes can cause observed populatio...