lactic acid bacteria which are  used  as  probiotics  have  ability to  modulate  immune responses and modify immune mechanisms. it has also been indicated that some strains of this family can affect the immune responses against solid tumors. in the present work, we proposed to study the effects of oral administration of l.cacesi ssp casei on the nk cells cytotoxicity and also production of cyt...

AIMS To study the immunohistochemical expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in ductal hyperplasia of the breast and to investigate its putative relation with atypia and co-existing infiltrating ductal carcinoma. METHODS Paraffin wax embedded tissue from 37 cases of isolated ductal hyperplasia (five with atypia and 32 without atypia) and 25 cases of ductal hyperplasia associated infiltr...

Complications arising from preterm birth account for one million deaths each year, with preterm birth being a risk factor in over 50% of all neonatal deaths. From fetal to neonatal life complications can arise that undermine maturation of neonates. A common condition within this transition process is the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Ductal steal of oxygen rich blood from the aorta leads to a...

BACKGROUND & AIMS Perturbations in pancreatic ductal bicarbonate secretion cause chronic pancreatitis. The physiologic mechanism of ductal secretion is known, but its transcriptional control is not. We determine the role of the transcription factor hematopoietically expressed homeobox protein (Hhex) in ductal secretion and pancreatitis. METHODS We derived mice with pancreas-specific, Cremedia...

juvenile fibroadenoma is an uncommon histologic variant of fibroadenoma that frequently shows a remarkable and rapid growth. the development of a carcinoma within a fibroadenoma, either in situ or invasive, is a rare condition. we encountered a 36-year-old woman with a palpable mass in the right breast. the radiologic findings were indicative of a fibroadenoma in the breast. sonographic guided ...

BACKGROUND Metaplastic breast carcinoma is a rare aggressive malignant neoplasm. The purposes of this study are to review the pathologic features and clinical outcomes of metaplastic breast carcinoma compared to invasive ductal carcinoma and to evaluate the prognosis of metaplastic breast carcinoma. METHODS The cases of 55 patients with metaplastic breast carcinoma presenting between 1991 and...

Prostatic ductal adenocarcinomas may arise either in large primary periurethral prostatic ducts or in the peripheral prostatic ducts. Ductal adenocarcinomas are composed of tall columnar cells arranged in cribriform, papillary, solid, single glands, and PIN-like patterns. Other than the prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)-like ductal pattern, which behaves like Gleason pattern 3, ductal a...

The pancreas is a complex organ comprised of three critical cell lineages: islet (endocrine), acinar, and ductal. This review will focus upon recent insights and advances in the biology of pancreatic ductal cells. In particular, emphasis will be placed upon the regulation of ductal cells by specific transcriptional factors during development as well as the underpinnings of acinar-ductal metapla...

In the development of the human biliary system, the extrahepatic bile ducts (EHBD) develop from the embryonic hepatic diverticulum, while the intrahepatic bile ducts (IHBD) originate within the liver from the ductal plate. The ductal plate is a flat muralium of primitive biliary epithelium that develops in the mesenchyme along the branches of the portal vein, by a process which requires a delic...

Pancreatic cancer is classified as ductal, acinar, neuroendocrine carcinoma or pancreatoblastoma. Ductal and acinar cells derive from exocrine glands and neuroendocrine cells from endocrine glands; however, mixed acinar-neuroendocrine-ductal carcinoma has different histological carcinomas coexisting within a nodule. The mixed pancreatic carcinoma forms from different developmental origins and t...