According to some dual-route theories of word naming, an inhibitory effect of length is caused by assembled phonology. Exception words are read via addressed phonology, and so should be immune from length effects. Analyses reported here show, however, that there is an inhibitory length effect for both regular and exception words, and this effect is no smaller for exception than regular words. T...

We introduce the bilingual dual-coding theory as a model for bilingual mental representation. Based on this model, lexical selection neural networks are implemented for a connectionist transfer project in machine translation.

This paper evaluates two competing models that address the decision-making processes mediating word recognition and lexical decision performance: a hybrid twostage model of lexical decision performance and a random-walk model. In two experiments, nonword type and word frequency were manipulated across two contrasts (pseudohomophone-legal nonword and legal-illegal nonword). When nonwords became ...

Previous positron emission tomography (PET) studies have shown that various cortical areas are activated to process speech signal in cochlear implant (CI) users. Nonetheless, differences in task dimension among studies and low statistical power preclude from understanding sound processing mechanism in CI users. Hence, we performed activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of PET studies in...

In a lexical decision task, faster reaction times (RTs) for old than new items is taken as evidence for an implicit memory involvement in this task. In contrast, the present study shows the involvement of both implicit and explicit memory in repetition priming. We propose a dual route model, in which lexical decisions can be made using one of two parallel processing routes: a lexical route, in ...

76 Introduction The examination of the nature of the underlying mechanisms that associate a printed word with its correct lexical unit (i.e., the process of lexical access) is one of the most basic issues in the research on reading. There are several reasons for this relevance. First, lexical access is a central component of sentence reading (Besner & Humphreys, 1991). Second, many reading diso...

: This study aims to explore the relationship between syntactic and lexical complexity and also the relationship between different aspects of lexical complexity. To this end, speech monologs of 35 Iranian high-intermediate learners of English on three different tasks (i.e. argumentation, description, and narration) were analyzed for correlations between one measure of sy...

Four experiments were designed to investigate whether the frequency of words used to create pseudowords plays an important role in lexical decision. Computational models of the lexical decision task (e.g., the dual route cascaded model and the multiple read-out model) predict that latencies to low-frequency pseudowords should be faster than latencies to high-frequency pseudowords. Consistent wi...

The effects of word frequency were examined for Japanese Kanji and Katakana words in 6 experiments. The sizes of frequency effects were comparable for Kanji and Katakana words in the standard lexical decision task. In the standard naming task, the frequency effect for Katakana words was significantly smaller than that for Kanji words. These results were consistent with the lexical-selection acc...