We introduce the notion of hyper-self-duality for Bose-Mesner algebras as a strengthening of formal self-duality. LetM denote a Bose-Mesner algebra on a finite nonempty set X . Fix p ∈ X , and letM∗ and T denote respectively the dual Bose-Mesner algebra and the Terwilliger algebra ofMwith respect to p. By a hyper-duality ofM, we mean an automorphism ψ of T such that ψ(M) =M∗, ψ(M∗) =M; ψ2(A) = ...

We show that the Doob and Hamming graphs are hyper-self-dual. We then show that although the Doob graphs are formally dual to certain Hamming graphs, they are not hyper-dual to them. We do so by showing that Bose-Mesner subalgebras and Kronecker products of Bose-Mesner algebras inherit hyper-duality.

we present some connections between the max-min general fuzzy automaton theory and the hyper structure theory. first, we introduce a hyper bck-algebra induced by a max-min general fuzzy automaton. then, we study the properties of this hyper bck-algebra. particularly, some theorems and results for hyper bck-algebra are proved. for example, it is shown that this structure consists of different ty...

In this review we present hyper-dual numbers as a tool for the automatic differentiation of computer programs via operator overloading. We start with a motivational introduction into the ideas of algorithmic differentiation. Then we illuminate the concepts behind operator overloading and dual numbers. Afterwards, we present hyper-dual numbers (and vectors) as an extension of dual numbers for th...

In this paper, we introduce the notion of hyper pseudo B C K - algebras, which is a generalization of pseudo BCK -algebras and hyper BCK -algebras and we investigates some related properties. In follow, we de ne some kinds of hyper pseudo BCK -ideals of a hyper pseudo BCK - algebra and we find the relations among them. Finally, we characterize the hyper pseudo BCK -ideals of type 4 generated by...

Fuzzy (weak) implicative hyper K-ideals are introduced, and relations among fuzzy weak implicative hyper K-ideals, fuzzy implicative hyper K-ideals and fuzzy hyper K-ideals are discussed.