Uniform nanostructure coating of TiO2 was prepared on 316L stainless steel by sol-gel method using Tetra-n-Butyle Titanat (TBT) as alkoxide material. 316L specimens were coated with the mentioned sol by dip coating method. The influences of preparation condition, pH of sol on TiO2 nanostructure coating were investigated. Their structural properties were examined at var...

This paper deals with the freeze-drying process and, in particular, with the optimization of the operating conditions of the primary drying stage. When designing a freeze-drying cycle, process control aims at obtaining the values of the operating conditions (temperature of the heating fluid and pressure in the drying chamber) resulting in a product temperature lower than the limit value of the ...

The collapse temperature (Tc) and the glass transition temperature of freeze-concentrated solutions (Tg') as well as the crystallization behavior of excipients are important physicochemical characteristics which guide the cycle development in freeze-drying. The most frequently used methods to determine these values are differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and freeze-drying microscopy (FDM). ...

Abstract—Lyophilization, also called freeze-drying, is an important dehydration technique mainly used for pharmaceuticals. Food industry also uses lyophilization when it is important to retain most of the nutritional quality, taste, shape and size of dried products and to extend their shelf life. Vacuum-Induced during freezing cycle (VI) has been used in order to control ice nucleation and, con...

In this study nanosized TiO2coatings on the 316L stainless steel substrate were prepared by means of dip-coating technique in which thickness of the coating layer increased byrepeating the coating cycles in two different routes: (I) dipping and drying,respectively, were repeated one, three and five times and finally the dried coated sample was heat treated (single); (II) multiple heat treatment...

The sanitization effectiveness of sewage sludge solar drying was examined in the aspect of limiting the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms into the environment. The survival rates of indicator bacteria E. coli, faecal streptococci, and rods of Salmonella SenftenbergW775, as well as the eggs of the intestinal parasite Ascaris suum were assessed in dried sludge. The results indicate that t...

This paper deals with the experimental control of an infrared drying process of a water based epoxy-amine painting. This approach is based on a unidirectional diffusional modeling of infrared drying phenomena where both heat and mass transfers under shrinkage conditions are accounted for. The control problem is concerned with the tracking of any given trajectory for one of the characteristics (...