The Japanese Pharmaceutical Affairs Law distinguishes cosmetics from quasi-drugs, and specifies that they must have a mild effect on the human body and must be safe to use over the long term. Therefore, the safety of cosmetics needs to be thoroughly evaluated and confirmed, taking into account the type of cosmetic, application method, conditions of use and so on. Post-marketing surveys of custo...

Propolis is a sticky material collected by bees from plants, and used in the hive as building material and defensive substance. It has been popular as a remedy in Europe since ancient times. Nowadays, propolis use in over-the-counter preparations, "bio"-cosmetics and functional foods, etc., increases. Volatile compounds are found in low concentrations in propolis, but their aroma and significan...

Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) have the potential to enhance bioavailability and therapeutic impact of active ingredients that are poorly water-soluble, low pemeability unstable. The ingredient, oil, surfactant, co-surfactant and/or co-solvent main elements SEDDS. Supersaturable SEDDS been developed increase efficiency ingredient loading by incorporating precipitation inhibitors...

Melasma is a hyperpigmented dermatological condition common in females. Drugs such as steroids, cosmetics, and photosensitizing agents are known to cause melasma. We report here a case of an adult male with obsessive-compulsive disorder, receiving clomipramine, who developed melasma.

Congress created 180-day exclusivity for generic drug applicants in the 1984 Hatch-Waxman amendments to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA) and amended the provision substantially in the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (MMA). The fundamental goal behind 180-day exclusivity was to provide an incentive for generic drug applicants to challenge inn...