BACKGROUND The Canadian-accredited post-baccalaureate Doctor of Pharmacy program at Qatar University trains pharmacists to deliver advanced patient care. Emphasis on acquisition and development of the necessary knowledge, skills, and attitudes lies in the curriculum's extensive experiential component. A campus-based oral comprehensive examination (OCE) was devised to emulate a clinical viva voc...

AIM To evaluate and compare the microbial contamination arising from 1 and 2 weeks' use of eye drops by hospital inpatients and hence determine the validity of apportioning a 2 week in use expiry date for these preparations. METHODS Eye drop residues were collected from inpatients of Worthing, Southlands, and Brighton General hospitals after 7 days' use (341 samples) and also after 14 days' u...

• Position the patient lying comfortably with his/her head supported on a pillow. • Reassure the patient that adequate anaesthetic drops will be instilled before the injection is given. • Instill anaesthetic drops at five-minute intervals over half an hour – a minimum of six drops. • Away from the patient’s view, draw up the prescribed medication using the 21G needle (Figure 1). • Change to the...

Evaporation of micro-liter drops from solid surfaces at room condition is mainly governed by diffusion. Therefore, there should be no difference between evaporation rate of sessile and pendant drops. However, some studies indicate a difference and explain the difference using buoyancy. The objective here is to reconcile the inconsistency in the literature. For that, first, by comparing two iden...

1 Plant species diversity drops when fertilizer is added or productivity increases. To explain this, the total competition hypothesis predicts that competition above ground and below ground both become more important, leading to more competitive exclusion, whereas the light competition hypothesis predicts that a shift from below-ground to above-ground competition has a similar effect. The densi...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The scenario in medical education is changing with objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) being introduced as an assessment tool. Its successful implementation in anaesthesiology postgraduate evaluation process is still limited. We decided to to evaluate the effectiveness of OSCE and compare it to conventional examinations as formative assessment tools in anaesthes...

Ten participants attending elective anterior segment eye surgery received 0.5% caspofungin eye drops either 1 drop hourly for 4 h or 1 drop an hour before surgery. The eye drops were generally well tolerated. In the absence of inflammation or corneal abrasion, topical caspofungin does not achieve clinically relevant concentrations.

Supercooled water drops move spontaneously while freezing in vacuum. This self-propulsion phenomenon is caused by an enhanced evaporation rate from the frozen regions of drops. The evaporating molecules carry momentum, and acquire opposite same as rocket propulsion.