We have numerically studied the evolution of heavy ions that expand in a cold background plasma at large scale. Two typical collective behaviors are identified with conditions where only traversing ions' initial total mass is different. Our work has demonstrated difference moving able to induce completely different plasma. The simulation performed via hybrid model which and electrons treated as...

Abstract The LPMWPC can be used as the Δ E detector for low-energy charged particle detection. In order to increase transmittance, wires were adopted cathode. This work investigated signal characteristics of this configuration and measured gas gain with a mixture 90%Ar 10% CO2 from 1E3 1E5 Pa. From test, second pulse after avalanche was observed, which proved caused by ions' drifting near catho...

Wakes behind spacecraft caused by supersonic drifting positive ions are common in plasmas and disturb situ measurements. We review the impact of wakes on observations Electric Field Wave double-probe instruments Cluster satellites. In solar wind, equivalent charging is small compared to ion drift energy wake effects body can be compensated for. present statistics direction, width, electrostatic...

During the final, low solar activity phase of the Pioneer Venus mission, the Orbiter Ion Mass Spectrometer measurements found all ion species, in the midnight-dusk sector, reduced in concentration relative to that observed at solar maximum. Molecular ion species comprised a greater part of the total ion concentration as O + and H + had the greatest depletions. The nightside ionospheric states w...

In a two-terminal Au/hexagonal WO3 nanowire/Au device, ions drifting or carriers self-trapping under external electrical field will modulate the Schottky barriers between the nanowire and electrodes, and then result in memristive effect. When there are water molecules adsorbed on the surface of WO3 nanowire, hydrogen ions will generate near the positively-charged electrode and transport in the ...

Pathogens and parasites may facilitate their transmission by manipulating host behavior. Honeybee pathogens and pests need to be transferred from one colony to another if they are to maintain themselves in a host population. Inter-colony transmission occurs typically through honeybee workers not returning to their home colony but entering a foreign colony ("drifting"). Pathogens might enhance d...