Public data from ECHA online dossiers on 9,801 substances encompassing 326,749 experimental key studies and additional information on classification and labeling were made computable. Eye irritation hazard, for which the rabbit Draize eye test still represents the reference method, was analyzed. Dossiers contained 9,782 Draize eye studies on 3,420 unique substances, indicating frequent retestin...

The rabbit corneal epithelium model (RCE model) was developed as a three-dimensional in vitro model to replace animal testing for the assessment of eye irritation. In the model, a stratified culture of rabbit corneal epithelial cells is grown at the air-liquid interface on collagen gel that acts as a parabasal membrane. Histological cross-sections show that the structure of the RCE model closel...

The necessity of using animals to test whether new chemicals and products are eye irritants has been questioned with increasing frequency and fervor over the last 20 years. During this time many new nonanimal methods have been proposed as reliable alternatives to the traditional rabbit (Draize) test. To date, however, none of these nonanimal (in vitro) tests have become universally accepted as ...

Cetyl Lactate and Myristyl Lactate are the esters of lactic acid and either cetyl or myristyl alcohol. They are used in a wide variety of cosmetic products up to a maximum concentration of 25%. The acute oral LD50 of Cetyl Lactate is estimated from studies with rats to be greater than 20 g/kg. Cetyl Lactate was shown to be minimally irritating to rabbit skin and nonirritating or only slightly i...

The eye irritation potential of drug candidates or pharmaceutical ingredients should be evaluated if there is a possibility of ocular exposure. Traditionally, the ocular irritation has been evaluated by the rabbit Draize test. However, rabbit eyes are more sensitive to irritants than human eyes, therefore substantial level of false positives are unavoidable. To resolve this species difference, ...

The main object of our study was to investigate whether the resazurin metabolism assay is a sensitive surfactant and alcohol toxicity test in isolated pig cornea and to compare this recently developed fluorometric assay with the data collected in the eye irritation reference chemical data bank. Resazurin is a substrate that changes color in response to metabolic activity. Isolated pig corneas w...

Extensive research has been conducted over the past decades to develop alternatives to the rabbit eye irritation test (Draize test) used in a regulatory context to assess eye irritation potentials. Although no single in vitro test has emerged as being completely acceptable for full replacement, various tests are considered to be suitable and are regularly used to assess certain aspects. Amongst...

A human corneal epithelial cell line, 10.014 pRSV-T (HCR-T cells), has been used to develop a three-dimensional in vitro model of the human corneal epithelium (HCE-T model). HCE-T cells form a stratified culture when grown at the air-liquid interface on a collagen membrane in serum-free medium. This model served as the basis for assays which supported the ocular irritancy assessment of water-so...