BACKGROUND Medical X-rays are the largest man-made source of public exposure to ionizing radiation. While the benefits of Computed Tomography (CT) are well known in accurate diagnosis, those benefits are not risk-free. CT is a device with higher patient dose in comparison with other conventional radiation procedures. OBJECTIVE This study is aimed at evaluating radiation dose to patients from ...

introduction given the fact that children are more sensitive to radiation, compared to adults, special attention needs to be paid to radiation protection in pediatric radiology. diagnostic reference level (drl) has been defined to be employed as a practical tool for examining the overall performance of a radiological center in terms of patient dose among a series of similar equipments in an are...

Background:The most efficient application of ionizing radiation is serving medical purposes and using this radiation has caused people to learn that artificial sources of radiation exposure among these resources can be of highest exposure rate.  Objective: The present study is aimed at initially establishing a baseline for local-reference dose level in Mazandaran, Iran in 12 projections of the...

Introduction: Digital radiography has a major role in nowadays healthcare system so radiation protection (justification and optimization) is important in this field. Many related organizations to protection suggested to establish national and regional diagnostic reference level for medical procedures. Reference levels are typically set at the 75th percentile of the dose distri...

Although, over the past few years, the application of mammography has risen up sharply in Iran, very little, if any, has been reported of the extent of patient's dose from this type of imaging. The purpose of this study was to establish local diagnostic reference level (DRL) arising from mammography in the great Khorasan province of Iran. It is generally assumed that the glandular tissue is the...

Introduction Given the fact that children are more sensitive to radiation, compared to adults, special attention needs to be paid to radiation protection in pediatric radiology. Diagnostic reference level (DRL) has been defined to be employed as a practical tool for examining the overall performance of a radiological center in terms of patient dose among a series of similar equipments in an are...

The use of diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) is part of the optimisation process of radiation protection, in that it identifies practices that are in need of corrective action, resulting in dose reduction. Their use is provided for in Irish and European legislation. In this project, measurements were carried out at 42 of the 46 licensed intra-oral xray machines in Co. Wicklow using an Unfors M...

Introduction: Paediatric patients deserve special attention because of the higher radiation risks compared with adults. The main purpose of this study is to determine patient dose and diagnostic reference level for Paediatric through Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) calculations in common X-ray examination and to establish Paediatric national DRLs in digital radiography in Iran. <...

Background: Intraoral radiographies are the most frequent X-ray examinations in humans. According to International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP) recommendations, the selection of a diagnostic reference level (DRL) should be specific to a country or region. Critica l organs such as thyroid gland are exposed to X-rays in intraoral radiography and these exposures should be kept as low ...

The variation in exposure factors and patient dose, between seven centres using identical multislice CT scanners, was investigated for six standard examinations. Dose values were compared with each other and the relevant diagnostic reference level (DRL) for each examination. The range in weighted CT dose index (CTDI(w)) values between the seven centres was small for abdominal scans and head sca...