Doping is the use of drug for the purpose of improving performance in general and sports performance in particular. Rejection or acceptance of the use of banned substances by athletes is determined by internal factors that are subjective and external or social. Against this background, the present study examined social risk factors as determinants of intention (temptation) to use banned substan...

nowadays, doping is an intricate dilemma for athletes. wrestling is the domestic, national and popular sport in iran. meanwhile, the prevalence of drug abuse in wrestling is high due to its power-demanding nature. so, we decided to evaluate the knowledge of club wrestlers of tehran about doping and their estimates of current prevalence in the country. in a cross sectional study, 426 wrestlers w...

BACKGROUND Understanding athletes' attitudes and behavioural intentions towards performance enhancement is critical to informing anti-doping intervention strategies. Capturing the complexity of these attitudes beyond verbal declarations requires indirect methods. This pilot study was aimed at developing and validating a method to assess implicit doping attitudes using an Implicit Associations T...

According to the regulations for international competitions all organizers of international championships and competitions are obliged to carry out doping control tests (blood tests, urine tests etc.) on athletes. The administration of hormones to athletes with the intention of improving performance has been a common practice for many years, and in the last ten years this practice has reached s...

Doping use is an ongoing problem in contemporary sports. Despite efforts to detect and control doping, research on its etiology is limited, especially among elite-level athletes. The present study used an integrated social cognition model to examine the predictors of doping intentions. Structured anonymous questionnaires were completed by 1075 Greek adult elite-level athletes (M age = 25 years,...

BACKGROUND Performance enhancement (PE) is a natural and essential ingredient of competitive sport. Except for nutritional supplement contamination, accidental use of doping is highly unlikely. It requires deliberation, planning and commitment; and is influenced by a host of protective and risk factors. HYPOTHESIS In the course of their career, athletes constantly set goals and make choices r...

introduction: today sport is one of the important social criterion and athletes are trying to be a champion. therefore, there is an increase in misuse of doping agents especially anabolic-androgenic steroid. this study was carried out to determine the prevalence of the doping agents' abuse among male bodybuilders' and to access their knowledge about their side effects in kermanshah gymnasiums i...

Since 2004, cannabis has been prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency for all sports competitions. In the years since then, about half of all positive doping cases in Switzerland have been related to cannabis consumption. In doping urine analysis, the target analyte is 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THCCOOH), the cutoff being 15 ng/mL. However, the wide urinary detection window of ...