The evidentiary data detailing the economic state of low-income developing and least developed countries (‘LDCs) is both well known and relatively uncontroversial. On the whole, these nations can be characterised as having a low per capita gross domestic product (‘GDP’), unfortunate standards of living and extremely poor levels of health and services. Moreover, these nations have high levels of...

Domestic political and economic instability provides a window of opportunity for external military intervention. To examine the factors that underlie the strategic decisions to pursue military intervention in the presence of instability, I develop a game-theoretic model in which two external powers sequentially decide whether to intervene militarily in a third country. The level of domestic ins...

In order to apply microbial fuel cell (MFC) process more practically in wastewater treatment, both power generation and removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) were examined in an air-cathode MFC fed with domestic wastewater under continuous operation. At a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2.0 h, the air-cathode MFC was able to generate electricity from domestic wastewater with a maximum power...

BACKGROUND The Gran Chaco ecoregion, a hotspot for Chagas and other neglected tropical diseases, is home to >20 indigenous peoples. Our objective was to identify the main ecological and sociodemographic determinants of house infestation and abundance of Triatoma infestans in traditional Qom populations including a Creole minority in Pampa del Indio, northeastern Argentina. METHODS A cross-sec...

The most recent generation of currency and nancial crisis literature blames the borrowing decisions of real and nancial sector actors; in particular, it argues that the de facto dollarization of liabilities is inherently risky and can trigger a host of economic ills that impede economic development. This paper presents and tests an institutional theory of de facto nancial dollarization. It argu...

this paper presents a model of a catchment area in northwest of iran. the researchers have studied ajichai basin which is located in the east part of orumiyeh lake, located at the longitude of 47 52’ e to 45 32’ e and the latitude of 37 26’ n to 38 30’ n. the researchers have chosen the data from tabriz upper air station which is the only one in the area. the research data are seven instability...

Title of Dissertation: STATE INSTABILITY AND TERRORISM Susan Fahey, Doctor of Philosophy, 2010 Dissertation directed by: Professor Gary LaFree Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice I explore the relationship between political instability and terrorism in this dissertation, using the Global Terrorism Database (GTD), which contains both domestic and transnational terrorism. I use the Pol...

Iraq’s economy has undergone a number of profound changes over the last several decades, many of which have had significant implications for the manner in which the country’s informal economy has evolved. The statist, heavy-handed economic policies of the Ba'athist government concentrated much of Iraq’s productive capacity in nationalized factors, which degraded under the sanctions regime of th...

1. INTRODUCTION The Indian economy has moved decisively to a higher path of growth in recent years, making it one of the fastest-growing economies in the world. The rate of economic growth measured in real per capita gross domestic product (GDP) (1999-2000 prices) averaged less than 5% per year during the 1980s and 1990s, increasing to more than 7% per year during the period 2003-07 (Planning C...