The history of life as documented by the fossil record encompasses evolutionary diversifications at scales ranging from the Ediacaran-Cambrian explosion of animal life and the invasion of land by vascular plants, insects and vertebrates to the diversification of flowering plants over the past 100 million years and the radiation of horses. Morphological novelty and innovation has been a recurren...

Crocodyliform palaeontology in Australasia has a productive research record that began the late nineteenth century and continues today. In this study, we summarize current understanding on taxonomic diversity phylogenetic relationships of Australasian crocodyliforms based first-hand knowledge relevant fossil material review published literature. The currently known Crocodyliformes spans more th...

Patterns of geographic distribution and composition of fungal communities are still poorly understood. Widespread occurrence in terrestrial ecosystems and the unique richness of interactions of Sebacinales with plants make them a target group to study evolutionary events in the light of nutritional lifestyle. We inferred diversity patterns, phylogenetic structures and divergence times of Sebaci...

· Despite substantial investigations into Oryza phylogeny and evolution, reliable estimates of the divergence times and ancestral effective population sizes of major lineages in Oryza are challenging. · We sampled sequences of 106 single-copy nuclear genes from all six diploid genomes of Oryza to investigate the divergence times through extensive relaxed molecular clock analyses and estimated t...

Abstract Transformers are essential and costly components of electrical secondary distribution networks (ESDNs). Distribution transformers provide electricity to low-voltage consumers that need a consistent power supply for their daily tasks. Transformer faults have an impact on ESDN reliability. Even though several studies attempted investigate fault parameters; types, causes, indicators in tr...

Heterologous expressions and purifications of all WelU proteins from the welwitindolinone pathways in Hapalosiphon welwitschii UTEX B1830 and IC-52-3 led to the discovery that WelU1 and WelU3 selectively assemble 12-epi-fischerindole U (2) and 12-epi-hapalindole C (1), respectively, from 3-geranyl 3-isocyanovinyl indolenine (4) via an enzymatic cascade featuring the Cope rearrangement, stereose...