for any agency dealing with the design of the water distribution network, an economic design will be an objective. in this research, central force optimization (cfo) and differential evolution (de) algorithm were used to optimize ismail abad water distribution network. optimization of the network has been evaluated by developing an optimization model based on cfo and de algorithm in matlab and ...

Controlling the microbiological quality of water is important for its uses. Microbiological requirements of drinking water ensure the absence of coliforms, but may indicate the potential presence of other potentially pathogenic microorganisms and viruses of fecal origin. A total of 36 water samples, representing the drinking water of the whole city of Aradan, Semnan, Iran, were randomly collect...

this paper develops a model for distribution network expansion planning (dnep) considering reliability issues. with simultaneous switch placement and dnep, the proposed model tries to adequately consider the reliability issues in the planning stage in a way that the designed network has suitable performance from the reliability viewpoint. the reinforcement or installation of mv feeders and hv/m...

In this paper, simultaneous placement of distributed generation, capacitor bank and protective devices are utilized to improve the efficiency of the distribution network. The objectives of the problem are reduction of active and reactive power losses, improvement of voltage profile and reliability indices and increasing distribution companies’ profit. The combination of firefly algorithm, parti...

nowadays, efficient goods distribution in target markets is one of the most important challenges of marketing managers and goods producers. distribution of goods and services has a significant contribution in gross domestic product (gdp) of countries. so an efficient distribution network can support constant economic development of countries and reduces end-user price of products. identifying a...

regarding the nature of non-linear discrete placement, and in order to determine the optimal capacity of the substation, the goal in the present study will be a number of local optimum points. in this research, the problem of optimal placement posts to reduce power losses by considering distributed generation (dg). in formulating the objective function, geographical distribution density in the ...